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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Watchdog support on powerpc systems.
*
* Copyright 2017, IBM Corporation.
*
* This uses code from arch/sparc/kernel/nmi.c and kernel/watchdog.c
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "watchdog: " fmt
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/param.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <asm/paca.h>
/*
* The powerpc watchdog ensures that each CPU is able to service timers.
* The watchdog sets up a simple timer on each CPU to run once per timer
* period, and updates a per-cpu timestamp and a "pending" cpumask. This is
* the heartbeat.
*
* Then there are two systems to check that the heartbeat is still running.
* The local soft-NMI, and the SMP checker.
*
* The soft-NMI checker can detect lockups on the local CPU. When interrupts
* are disabled with local_irq_disable(), platforms that use soft-masking
* can leave hardware interrupts enabled and handle them with a masked
* interrupt handler. The masked handler can send the timer interrupt to the
* watchdog's soft_nmi_interrupt(), which appears to Linux as an NMI
* interrupt, and can be used to detect CPUs stuck with IRQs disabled.
*
* The soft-NMI checker will compare the heartbeat timestamp for this CPU
* with the current time, and take action if the difference exceeds the
* watchdog threshold.
*
* The limitation of the soft-NMI watchdog is that it does not work when
* interrupts are hard disabled or otherwise not being serviced. This is
* solved by also having a SMP watchdog where all CPUs check all other
* CPUs heartbeat.
*
* The SMP checker can detect lockups on other CPUs. A gobal "pending"
* cpumask is kept, containing all CPUs which enable the watchdog. Each
* CPU clears their pending bit in their heartbeat timer. When the bitmask
* becomes empty, the last CPU to clear its pending bit updates a global
* timestamp and refills the pending bitmask.
*
* In the heartbeat timer, if any CPU notices that the global timestamp has
* not been updated for a period exceeding the watchdog threshold, then it
* means the CPU(s) with their bit still set in the pending mask have had
* their heartbeat stop, and action is taken.
*
* Some platforms implement true NMI IPIs, which can be used by the SMP
* watchdog to detect an unresponsive CPU and pull it out of its stuck
* state with the NMI IPI, to get crash/debug data from it. This way the
* SMP watchdog can detect hardware interrupts off lockups.
*/
static cpumask_t wd_cpus_enabled __read_mostly;
static u64 wd_panic_timeout_tb __read_mostly; /* timebase ticks until panic */
static u64 wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb __read_mostly; /* panic other CPUs */
static u64 wd_timer_period_ms __read_mostly; /* interval between heartbeat */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hrtimer, wd_hrtimer);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, wd_timer_tb);
/* SMP checker bits */
static unsigned long __wd_smp_lock;
static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_pending;
static cpumask_t wd_smp_cpus_stuck;
static u64 wd_smp_last_reset_tb;
static inline void wd_smp_lock(unsigned long *flags)
{
/*
* Avoid locking layers if possible.
* This may be called from low level interrupt handlers at some
* point in future.
*/
raw_local_irq_save(*flags);
hard_irq_disable(); /* Make it soft-NMI safe */
while (unlikely(test_and_set_bit_lock(0, &__wd_smp_lock))) {
raw_local_irq_restore(*flags);
spin_until_cond(!test_bit(0, &__wd_smp_lock));
raw_local_irq_save(*flags);
hard_irq_disable();
}
}
static inline void wd_smp_unlock(unsigned long *flags)
{
clear_bit_unlock(0, &__wd_smp_lock);
raw_local_irq_restore(*flags);
}
static void wd_lockup_ipi(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
u64 tb = get_tb();
pr_emerg("CPU %d Hard LOCKUP\n", cpu);
pr_emerg("CPU %d TB:%lld, last heartbeat TB:%lld (%lldms ago)\n",
cpu, tb, per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu),
tb_to_ns(tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu)) / 1000000);
print_modules();
print_irqtrace_events(current);
if (regs)
show_regs(regs);
else
dump_stack();
/* Do not panic from here because that can recurse into NMI IPI layer */
}
static void set_cpumask_stuck(const struct cpumask *cpumask, u64 tb)
{
cpumask_or(&wd_smp_cpus_stuck, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck, cpumask);
cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending, &wd_smp_cpus_pending, cpumask);
if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
&wd_cpus_enabled,
&wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
}
}
static void set_cpu_stuck(int cpu, u64 tb)
{
set_cpumask_stuck(cpumask_of(cpu), tb);
}
static void watchdog_smp_panic(int cpu, u64 tb)
{
unsigned long flags;
int c;
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
/* Double check some things under lock */
if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) < (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
goto out;
if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending))
goto out;
if (cpumask_weight(&wd_smp_cpus_pending) == 0)
goto out;
pr_emerg("CPU %d detected hard LOCKUP on other CPUs %*pbl\n",
cpu, cpumask_pr_args(&wd_smp_cpus_pending));
pr_emerg("CPU %d TB:%lld, last SMP heartbeat TB:%lld (%lldms ago)\n",
cpu, tb, wd_smp_last_reset_tb,
tb_to_ns(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) / 1000000);
if (!sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace) {
/*
* Try to trigger the stuck CPUs, unless we are going to
* get a backtrace on all of them anyway.
*/
for_each_cpu(c, &wd_smp_cpus_pending) {
if (c == cpu)
continue;
smp_send_nmi_ipi(c, wd_lockup_ipi, 1000000);
}
}
/* Take the stuck CPUs out of the watch group */
set_cpumask_stuck(&wd_smp_cpus_pending, tb);
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
printk_safe_flush();
/*
* printk_safe_flush() seems to require another print
* before anything actually goes out to console.
*/
if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
if (hardlockup_panic)
nmi_panic(NULL, "Hard LOCKUP");
return;
out:
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
}
static void wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(int cpu, u64 tb)
{
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
if (unlikely(cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck))) {
struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
unsigned long flags;
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
pr_emerg("CPU %d became unstuck TB:%lld\n",
cpu, tb);
print_irqtrace_events(current);
if (regs)
show_regs(regs);
else
dump_stack();
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
}
return;
}
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
unsigned long flags;
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
if (cpumask_empty(&wd_smp_cpus_pending)) {
wd_smp_last_reset_tb = tb;
cpumask_andnot(&wd_smp_cpus_pending,
&wd_cpus_enabled,
&wd_smp_cpus_stuck);
}
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
}
}
static void watchdog_timer_interrupt(int cpu)
{
u64 tb = get_tb();
per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) = tb;
wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, tb);
if ((s64)(tb - wd_smp_last_reset_tb) >= (s64)wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb)
watchdog_smp_panic(cpu, tb);
}
void soft_nmi_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
unsigned long flags;
int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
u64 tb;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled))
return;
nmi_enter();
__this_cpu_inc(irq_stat.soft_nmi_irqs);
tb = get_tb();
if (tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) >= wd_panic_timeout_tb) {
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_stuck)) {
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
goto out;
}
set_cpu_stuck(cpu, tb);
pr_emerg("CPU %d self-detected hard LOCKUP @ %pS\n",
cpu, (void *)regs->nip);
pr_emerg("CPU %d TB:%lld, last heartbeat TB:%lld (%lldms ago)\n",
cpu, tb, per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu),
tb_to_ns(tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu)) / 1000000);
print_modules();
print_irqtrace_events(current);
show_regs(regs);
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
if (sysctl_hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace)
trigger_allbutself_cpu_backtrace();
if (hardlockup_panic)
nmi_panic(regs, "Hard LOCKUP");
}
if (wd_panic_timeout_tb < 0x7fffffff)
mtspr(SPRN_DEC, wd_panic_timeout_tb);
out:
nmi_exit();
}
static enum hrtimer_restart watchdog_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *hrtimer)
{
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (!(watchdog_enabled & NMI_WATCHDOG_ENABLED))
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &watchdog_cpumask))
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
watchdog_timer_interrupt(cpu);
hrtimer_forward_now(hrtimer, ms_to_ktime(wd_timer_period_ms));
return HRTIMER_RESTART;
}
void arch_touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
{
unsigned long ticks = tb_ticks_per_usec * wd_timer_period_ms * 1000;
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
u64 tb = get_tb();
if (tb - per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) >= ticks) {
per_cpu(wd_timer_tb, cpu) = tb;
wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, tb);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(arch_touch_nmi_watchdog);
static void start_watchdog(void *arg)
{
struct hrtimer *hrtimer = this_cpu_ptr(&wd_hrtimer);
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
unsigned long flags;
if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled)) {
WARN_ON(1);
return;
}
if (!(watchdog_enabled & NMI_WATCHDOG_ENABLED))
return;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &watchdog_cpumask))
return;
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled);
if (cpumask_weight(&wd_cpus_enabled) == 1) {
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &wd_smp_cpus_pending);
wd_smp_last_reset_tb = get_tb();
}
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
*this_cpu_ptr(&wd_timer_tb) = get_tb();
hrtimer_init(hrtimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
hrtimer->function = watchdog_timer_fn;
hrtimer_start(hrtimer, ms_to_ktime(wd_timer_period_ms),
HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED);
}
static int start_watchdog_on_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
{
return smp_call_function_single(cpu, start_watchdog, NULL, true);
}
static void stop_watchdog(void *arg)
{
struct hrtimer *hrtimer = this_cpu_ptr(&wd_hrtimer);
int cpu = smp_processor_id();
unsigned long flags;
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled))
return; /* Can happen in CPU unplug case */
hrtimer_cancel(hrtimer);
wd_smp_lock(&flags);
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled);
wd_smp_unlock(&flags);
wd_smp_clear_cpu_pending(cpu, get_tb());
}
static int stop_watchdog_on_cpu(unsigned int cpu)
{
return smp_call_function_single(cpu, stop_watchdog, NULL, true);
}
static void watchdog_calc_timeouts(void)
{
wd_panic_timeout_tb = watchdog_thresh * ppc_tb_freq;
/* Have the SMP detector trigger a bit later */
wd_smp_panic_timeout_tb = wd_panic_timeout_tb * 3 / 2;
/* 2/5 is the factor that the perf based detector uses */
wd_timer_period_ms = watchdog_thresh * 1000 * 2 / 5;
}
void watchdog_nmi_stop(void)
{
int cpu;
for_each_cpu(cpu, &wd_cpus_enabled)
stop_watchdog_on_cpu(cpu);
}
void watchdog_nmi_start(void)
{
int cpu;
watchdog_calc_timeouts();
for_each_cpu_and(cpu, cpu_online_mask, &watchdog_cpumask)
start_watchdog_on_cpu(cpu);
}
/*
* Invoked from core watchdog init.
*/
int __init watchdog_nmi_probe(void)
{
int err;
err = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN,
"powerpc/watchdog:online",
start_watchdog_on_cpu,
stop_watchdog_on_cpu);
if (err < 0) {
pr_warn("could not be initialized");
return err;
}
return 0;
}