kernel/locking/lockdep.c

/*
 * kernel/lockdep.c
 *
 * Runtime locking correctness validator
 *
 * Started by Ingo Molnar:
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *  Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra
 *
 * this code maps all the lock dependencies as they occur in a live kernel
 * and will warn about the following classes of locking bugs:
 *
 * - lock inversion scenarios
 * - circular lock dependencies
 * - hardirq/softirq safe/unsafe locking bugs
 *
 * Bugs are reported even if the current locking scenario does not cause
 * any deadlock at this point.
 *
 * I.e. if anytime in the past two locks were taken in a different order,
 * even if it happened for another task, even if those were different
 * locks (but of the same class as this lock), this code will detect it.
 *
 * Thanks to Arjan van de Ven for coming up with the initial idea of
 * mapping lock dependencies runtime.
 */
#define DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/irqflags.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/jhash.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>

#include <asm/sections.h>

#include "lockdep_internals.h"

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/lock.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
int prove_locking = 1;
module_param(prove_locking, int, 0644);
#else
#define prove_locking 0
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
int lock_stat = 1;
module_param(lock_stat, int, 0644);
#else
#define lock_stat 0
#endif

/*
 * lockdep_lock: protects the lockdep graph, the hashes and the
 *               class/list/hash allocators.
 *
 * This is one of the rare exceptions where it's justified
 * to use a raw spinlock - we really dont want the spinlock
 * code to recurse back into the lockdep code...
 */
static arch_spinlock_t lockdep_lock = (arch_spinlock_t)__ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
static struct task_struct *lockdep_selftest_task_struct;

static int graph_lock(void)
{
	arch_spin_lock(&lockdep_lock);
	/*
	 * Make sure that if another CPU detected a bug while
	 * walking the graph we dont change it (while the other
	 * CPU is busy printing out stuff with the graph lock
	 * dropped already)
	 */
	if (!debug_locks) {
		arch_spin_unlock(&lockdep_lock);
		return 0;
	}
	/* prevent any recursions within lockdep from causing deadlocks */
	current->lockdep_recursion++;
	return 1;
}

static inline int graph_unlock(void)
{
	if (debug_locks && !arch_spin_is_locked(&lockdep_lock)) {
		/*
		 * The lockdep graph lock isn't locked while we expect it to
		 * be, we're confused now, bye!
		 */
		return DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1);
	}

	current->lockdep_recursion--;
	arch_spin_unlock(&lockdep_lock);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Turn lock debugging off and return with 0 if it was off already,
 * and also release the graph lock:
 */
static inline int debug_locks_off_graph_unlock(void)
{
	int ret = debug_locks_off();

	arch_spin_unlock(&lockdep_lock);

	return ret;
}

unsigned long nr_list_entries;
static struct lock_list list_entries[MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES];
static DECLARE_BITMAP(list_entries_in_use, MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES);

/*
 * All data structures here are protected by the global debug_lock.
 *
 * nr_lock_classes is the number of elements of lock_classes[] that is
 * in use.
 */
#define KEYHASH_BITS		(MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS - 1)
#define KEYHASH_SIZE		(1UL << KEYHASH_BITS)
static struct hlist_head lock_keys_hash[KEYHASH_SIZE];
unsigned long nr_lock_classes;
#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
static
#endif
struct lock_class lock_classes[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS];

static inline struct lock_class *hlock_class(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
	if (!hlock->class_idx) {
		/*
		 * Someone passed in garbage, we give up.
		 */
		DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1);
		return NULL;
	}
	return lock_classes + hlock->class_idx - 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct lock_class_stats[MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS], cpu_lock_stats);

static inline u64 lockstat_clock(void)
{
	return local_clock();
}

static int lock_point(unsigned long points[], unsigned long ip)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < LOCKSTAT_POINTS; i++) {
		if (points[i] == 0) {
			points[i] = ip;
			break;
		}
		if (points[i] == ip)
			break;
	}

	return i;
}

static void lock_time_inc(struct lock_time *lt, u64 time)
{
	if (time > lt->max)
		lt->max = time;

	if (time < lt->min || !lt->nr)
		lt->min = time;

	lt->total += time;
	lt->nr++;
}

static inline void lock_time_add(struct lock_time *src, struct lock_time *dst)
{
	if (!src->nr)
		return;

	if (src->max > dst->max)
		dst->max = src->max;

	if (src->min < dst->min || !dst->nr)
		dst->min = src->min;

	dst->total += src->total;
	dst->nr += src->nr;
}

struct lock_class_stats lock_stats(struct lock_class *class)
{
	struct lock_class_stats stats;
	int cpu, i;

	memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(struct lock_class_stats));
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		struct lock_class_stats *pcs =
			&per_cpu(cpu_lock_stats, cpu)[class - lock_classes];

		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stats.contention_point); i++)
			stats.contention_point[i] += pcs->contention_point[i];

		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stats.contending_point); i++)
			stats.contending_point[i] += pcs->contending_point[i];

		lock_time_add(&pcs->read_waittime, &stats.read_waittime);
		lock_time_add(&pcs->write_waittime, &stats.write_waittime);

		lock_time_add(&pcs->read_holdtime, &stats.read_holdtime);
		lock_time_add(&pcs->write_holdtime, &stats.write_holdtime);

		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(stats.bounces); i++)
			stats.bounces[i] += pcs->bounces[i];
	}

	return stats;
}

void clear_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class)
{
	int cpu;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		struct lock_class_stats *cpu_stats =
			&per_cpu(cpu_lock_stats, cpu)[class - lock_classes];

		memset(cpu_stats, 0, sizeof(struct lock_class_stats));
	}
	memset(class->contention_point, 0, sizeof(class->contention_point));
	memset(class->contending_point, 0, sizeof(class->contending_point));
}

static struct lock_class_stats *get_lock_stats(struct lock_class *class)
{
	return &this_cpu_ptr(cpu_lock_stats)[class - lock_classes];
}

static void lock_release_holdtime(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
	struct lock_class_stats *stats;
	u64 holdtime;

	if (!lock_stat)
		return;

	holdtime = lockstat_clock() - hlock->holdtime_stamp;

	stats = get_lock_stats(hlock_class(hlock));
	if (hlock->read)
		lock_time_inc(&stats->read_holdtime, holdtime);
	else
		lock_time_inc(&stats->write_holdtime, holdtime);
}
#else
static inline void lock_release_holdtime(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * We keep a global list of all lock classes. The list is only accessed with
 * the lockdep spinlock lock held. free_lock_classes is a list with free
 * elements. These elements are linked together by the lock_entry member in
 * struct lock_class.
 */
LIST_HEAD(all_lock_classes);
static LIST_HEAD(free_lock_classes);

/**
 * struct pending_free - information about data structures about to be freed
 * @zapped: Head of a list with struct lock_class elements.
 * @lock_chains_being_freed: Bitmap that indicates which lock_chains[] elements
 *	are about to be freed.
 */
struct pending_free {
	struct list_head zapped;
	DECLARE_BITMAP(lock_chains_being_freed, MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS);
};

/**
 * struct delayed_free - data structures used for delayed freeing
 *
 * A data structure for delayed freeing of data structures that may be
 * accessed by RCU readers at the time these were freed.
 *
 * @rcu_head:  Used to schedule an RCU callback for freeing data structures.
 * @index:     Index of @pf to which freed data structures are added.
 * @scheduled: Whether or not an RCU callback has been scheduled.
 * @pf:        Array with information about data structures about to be freed.
 */
static struct delayed_free {
	struct rcu_head		rcu_head;
	int			index;
	int			scheduled;
	struct pending_free	pf[2];
} delayed_free;

/*
 * The lockdep classes are in a hash-table as well, for fast lookup:
 */
#define CLASSHASH_BITS		(MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS_BITS - 1)
#define CLASSHASH_SIZE		(1UL << CLASSHASH_BITS)
#define __classhashfn(key)	hash_long((unsigned long)key, CLASSHASH_BITS)
#define classhashentry(key)	(classhash_table + __classhashfn((key)))

static struct hlist_head classhash_table[CLASSHASH_SIZE];

/*
 * We put the lock dependency chains into a hash-table as well, to cache
 * their existence:
 */
#define CHAINHASH_BITS		(MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS_BITS-1)
#define CHAINHASH_SIZE		(1UL << CHAINHASH_BITS)
#define __chainhashfn(chain)	hash_long(chain, CHAINHASH_BITS)
#define chainhashentry(chain)	(chainhash_table + __chainhashfn((chain)))

static struct hlist_head chainhash_table[CHAINHASH_SIZE];

/*
 * The hash key of the lock dependency chains is a hash itself too:
 * it's a hash of all locks taken up to that lock, including that lock.
 * It's a 64-bit hash, because it's important for the keys to be
 * unique.
 */
static inline u64 iterate_chain_key(u64 key, u32 idx)
{
	u32 k0 = key, k1 = key >> 32;

	__jhash_mix(idx, k0, k1); /* Macro that modifies arguments! */

	return k0 | (u64)k1 << 32;
}

void lockdep_off(void)
{
	current->lockdep_recursion++;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(lockdep_off);

void lockdep_on(void)
{
	current->lockdep_recursion--;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(lockdep_on);

void lockdep_set_selftest_task(struct task_struct *task)
{
	lockdep_selftest_task_struct = task;
}

/*
 * Debugging switches:
 */

#define VERBOSE			0
#define VERY_VERBOSE		0

#if VERBOSE
# define HARDIRQ_VERBOSE	1
# define SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE	1
#else
# define HARDIRQ_VERBOSE	0
# define SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE	0
#endif

#if VERBOSE || HARDIRQ_VERBOSE || SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE
/*
 * Quick filtering for interesting events:
 */
static int class_filter(struct lock_class *class)
{
#if 0
	/* Example */
	if (class->name_version == 1 &&
			!strcmp(class->name, "lockname"))
		return 1;
	if (class->name_version == 1 &&
			!strcmp(class->name, "&struct->lockfield"))
		return 1;
#endif
	/* Filter everything else. 1 would be to allow everything else */
	return 0;
}
#endif

static int verbose(struct lock_class *class)
{
#if VERBOSE
	return class_filter(class);
#endif
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Stack-trace: tightly packed array of stack backtrace
 * addresses. Protected by the graph_lock.
 */
unsigned long nr_stack_trace_entries;
static unsigned long stack_trace[MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES];

static void print_lockdep_off(const char *bug_msg)
{
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s\n", bug_msg);
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "turning off the locking correctness validator.\n");
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCK_STAT
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "Please attach the output of /proc/lock_stat to the bug report\n");
#endif
}

static int save_trace(struct stack_trace *trace)
{
	trace->nr_entries = 0;
	trace->max_entries = MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES - nr_stack_trace_entries;
	trace->entries = stack_trace + nr_stack_trace_entries;

	trace->skip = 3;

	save_stack_trace(trace);

	/*
	 * Some daft arches put -1 at the end to indicate its a full trace.
	 *
	 * <rant> this is buggy anyway, since it takes a whole extra entry so a
	 * complete trace that maxes out the entries provided will be reported
	 * as incomplete, friggin useless </rant>
	 */
	if (trace->nr_entries != 0 &&
	    trace->entries[trace->nr_entries-1] == ULONG_MAX)
		trace->nr_entries--;

	trace->max_entries = trace->nr_entries;

	nr_stack_trace_entries += trace->nr_entries;

	if (nr_stack_trace_entries >= MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES-1) {
		if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
			return 0;

		print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_STACK_TRACE_ENTRIES too low!");
		dump_stack();

		return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

unsigned int nr_hardirq_chains;
unsigned int nr_softirq_chains;
unsigned int nr_process_chains;
unsigned int max_lockdep_depth;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
/*
 * Various lockdep statistics:
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct lockdep_stats, lockdep_stats);
#endif

/*
 * Locking printouts:
 */

#define __USAGE(__STATE)						\
	[LOCK_USED_IN_##__STATE] = "IN-"__stringify(__STATE)"-W",	\
	[LOCK_ENABLED_##__STATE] = __stringify(__STATE)"-ON-W",		\
	[LOCK_USED_IN_##__STATE##_READ] = "IN-"__stringify(__STATE)"-R",\
	[LOCK_ENABLED_##__STATE##_READ] = __stringify(__STATE)"-ON-R",

static const char *usage_str[] =
{
#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE) __USAGE(__STATE)
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE
	[LOCK_USED] = "INITIAL USE",
};

const char * __get_key_name(struct lockdep_subclass_key *key, char *str)
{
	return kallsyms_lookup((unsigned long)key, NULL, NULL, NULL, str);
}

static inline unsigned long lock_flag(enum lock_usage_bit bit)
{
	return 1UL << bit;
}

static char get_usage_char(struct lock_class *class, enum lock_usage_bit bit)
{
	char c = '.';

	if (class->usage_mask & lock_flag(bit + 2))
		c = '+';
	if (class->usage_mask & lock_flag(bit)) {
		c = '-';
		if (class->usage_mask & lock_flag(bit + 2))
			c = '?';
	}

	return c;
}

void get_usage_chars(struct lock_class *class, char usage[LOCK_USAGE_CHARS])
{
	int i = 0;

#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE) 						\
	usage[i++] = get_usage_char(class, LOCK_USED_IN_##__STATE);	\
	usage[i++] = get_usage_char(class, LOCK_USED_IN_##__STATE##_READ);
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE

	usage[i] = '\0';
}

static void __print_lock_name(struct lock_class *class)
{
	char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
	const char *name;

	name = class->name;
	if (!name) {
		name = __get_key_name(class->key, str);
		printk(KERN_CONT "%s", name);
	} else {
		printk(KERN_CONT "%s", name);
		if (class->name_version > 1)
			printk(KERN_CONT "#%d", class->name_version);
		if (class->subclass)
			printk(KERN_CONT "/%d", class->subclass);
	}
}

static void print_lock_name(struct lock_class *class)
{
	char usage[LOCK_USAGE_CHARS];

	get_usage_chars(class, usage);

	printk(KERN_CONT " (");
	__print_lock_name(class);
	printk(KERN_CONT "){%s}", usage);
}

static void print_lockdep_cache(struct lockdep_map *lock)
{
	const char *name;
	char str[KSYM_NAME_LEN];

	name = lock->name;
	if (!name)
		name = __get_key_name(lock->key->subkeys, str);

	printk(KERN_CONT "%s", name);
}

static void print_lock(struct held_lock *hlock)
{
	/*
	 * We can be called locklessly through debug_show_all_locks() so be
	 * extra careful, the hlock might have been released and cleared.
	 */
	unsigned int class_idx = hlock->class_idx;

	/* Don't re-read hlock->class_idx, can't use READ_ONCE() on bitfields: */
	barrier();

	if (!class_idx || (class_idx - 1) >= MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS) {
		printk(KERN_CONT "<RELEASED>\n");
		return;
	}

	printk(KERN_CONT "%p", hlock->instance);
	print_lock_name(lock_classes + class_idx - 1);
	printk(KERN_CONT ", at: %pS\n", (void *)hlock->acquire_ip);
}

static void lockdep_print_held_locks(struct task_struct *p)
{
	int i, depth = READ_ONCE(p->lockdep_depth);

	if (!depth)
		printk("no locks held by %s/%d.\n", p->comm, task_pid_nr(p));
	else
		printk("%d lock%s held by %s/%d:\n", depth,
		       depth > 1 ? "s" : "", p->comm, task_pid_nr(p));
	/*
	 * It's not reliable to print a task's held locks if it's not sleeping
	 * and it's not the current task.
	 */
	if (p->state == TASK_RUNNING && p != current)
		return;
	for (i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
		printk(" #%d: ", i);
		print_lock(p->held_locks + i);
	}
}

static void print_kernel_ident(void)
{
	printk("%s %.*s %s\n", init_utsname()->release,
		(int)strcspn(init_utsname()->version, " "),
		init_utsname()->version,
		print_tainted());
}

static int very_verbose(struct lock_class *class)
{
#if VERY_VERBOSE
	return class_filter(class);
#endif
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Is this the address of a static object:
 */
#ifdef __KERNEL__
static int static_obj(const void *obj)
{
	unsigned long start = (unsigned long) &_stext,
		      end   = (unsigned long) &_end,
		      addr  = (unsigned long) obj;

	/*
	 * static variable?
	 */
	if ((addr >= start) && (addr < end))
		return 1;

	if (arch_is_kernel_data(addr))
		return 1;

	/*
	 * in-kernel percpu var?
	 */
	if (is_kernel_percpu_address(addr))
		return 1;

	/*
	 * module static or percpu var?
	 */
	return is_module_address(addr) || is_module_percpu_address(addr);
}
#endif

/*
 * To make lock name printouts unique, we calculate a unique
 * class->name_version generation counter. The caller must hold the graph
 * lock.
 */
static int count_matching_names(struct lock_class *new_class)
{
	struct lock_class *class;
	int count = 0;

	if (!new_class->name)
		return 0;

	list_for_each_entry(class, &all_lock_classes, lock_entry) {
		if (new_class->key - new_class->subclass == class->key)
			return class->name_version;
		if (class->name && !strcmp(class->name, new_class->name))
			count = max(count, class->name_version);
	}

	return count + 1;
}

static inline struct lock_class *
look_up_lock_class(const struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass)
{
	struct lockdep_subclass_key *key;
	struct hlist_head *hash_head;
	struct lock_class *class;

	if (unlikely(subclass >= MAX_LOCKDEP_SUBCLASSES)) {
		debug_locks_off();
		printk(KERN_ERR
			"BUG: looking up invalid subclass: %u\n", subclass);
		printk(KERN_ERR
			"turning off the locking correctness validator.\n");
		dump_stack();
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * If it is not initialised then it has never been locked,
	 * so it won't be present in the hash table.
	 */
	if (unlikely(!lock->key))
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * NOTE: the class-key must be unique. For dynamic locks, a static
	 * lock_class_key variable is passed in through the mutex_init()
	 * (or spin_lock_init()) call - which acts as the key. For static
	 * locks we use the lock object itself as the key.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct lock_class_key) >
			sizeof(struct lockdep_map));

	key = lock->key->subkeys + subclass;

	hash_head = classhashentry(key);

	/*
	 * We do an RCU walk of the hash, see lockdep_free_key_range().
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return NULL;

	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(class, hash_head, hash_entry) {
		if (class->key == key) {
			/*
			 * Huh! same key, different name? Did someone trample
			 * on some memory? We're most confused.
			 */
			WARN_ON_ONCE(class->name != lock->name);
			return class;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Static locks do not have their class-keys yet - for them the key is
 * the lock object itself. If the lock is in the per cpu area, the
 * canonical address of the lock (per cpu offset removed) is used.
 */
static bool assign_lock_key(struct lockdep_map *lock)
{
	unsigned long can_addr, addr = (unsigned long)lock;

#ifdef __KERNEL__
	/*
	 * lockdep_free_key_range() assumes that struct lock_class_key
	 * objects do not overlap. Since we use the address of lock
	 * objects as class key for static objects, check whether the
	 * size of lock_class_key objects does not exceed the size of
	 * the smallest lock object.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct lock_class_key) > sizeof(raw_spinlock_t));
#endif

	if (__is_kernel_percpu_address(addr, &can_addr))
		lock->key = (void *)can_addr;
	else if (__is_module_percpu_address(addr, &can_addr))
		lock->key = (void *)can_addr;
	else if (static_obj(lock))
		lock->key = (void *)lock;
	else {
		/* Debug-check: all keys must be persistent! */
		debug_locks_off();
		pr_err("INFO: trying to register non-static key.\n");
		pr_err("the code is fine but needs lockdep annotation.\n");
		pr_err("turning off the locking correctness validator.\n");
		dump_stack();
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP

/* Check whether element @e occurs in list @h */
static bool in_list(struct list_head *e, struct list_head *h)
{
	struct list_head *f;

	list_for_each(f, h) {
		if (e == f)
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/*
 * Check whether entry @e occurs in any of the locks_after or locks_before
 * lists.
 */
static bool in_any_class_list(struct list_head *e)
{
	struct lock_class *class;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lock_classes); i++) {
		class = &lock_classes[i];
		if (in_list(e, &class->locks_after) ||
		    in_list(e, &class->locks_before))
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

static bool class_lock_list_valid(struct lock_class *c, struct list_head *h)
{
	struct lock_list *e;

	list_for_each_entry(e, h, entry) {
		if (e->links_to != c) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "class %s: mismatch for lock entry %ld; class %s <> %s",
			       c->name ? : "(?)",
			       (unsigned long)(e - list_entries),
			       e->links_to && e->links_to->name ?
			       e->links_to->name : "(?)",
			       e->class && e->class->name ? e->class->name :
			       "(?)");
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
static u16 chain_hlocks[MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS];
#endif

static bool check_lock_chain_key(struct lock_chain *chain)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
	u64 chain_key = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = chain->base; i < chain->base + chain->depth; i++)
		chain_key = iterate_chain_key(chain_key, chain_hlocks[i] + 1);
	/*
	 * The 'unsigned long long' casts avoid that a compiler warning
	 * is reported when building tools/lib/lockdep.
	 */
	if (chain->chain_key != chain_key) {
		printk(KERN_INFO "chain %lld: key %#llx <> %#llx\n",
		       (unsigned long long)(chain - lock_chains),
		       (unsigned long long)chain->chain_key,
		       (unsigned long long)chain_key);
		return false;
	}
#endif
	return true;
}

static bool in_any_zapped_class_list(struct lock_class *class)
{
	struct pending_free *pf;
	int i;

	for (i = 0, pf = delayed_free.pf; i < ARRAY_SIZE(delayed_free.pf); i++, pf++) {
		if (in_list(&class->lock_entry, &pf->zapped))
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}

static bool __check_data_structures(void)
{
	struct lock_class *class;
	struct lock_chain *chain;
	struct hlist_head *head;
	struct lock_list *e;
	int i;

	/* Check whether all classes occur in a lock list. */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lock_classes); i++) {
		class = &lock_classes[i];
		if (!in_list(&class->lock_entry, &all_lock_classes) &&
		    !in_list(&class->lock_entry, &free_lock_classes) &&
		    !in_any_zapped_class_list(class)) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "class %px/%s is not in any class list\n",
			       class, class->name ? : "(?)");
			return false;
		}
	}

	/* Check whether all classes have valid lock lists. */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lock_classes); i++) {
		class = &lock_classes[i];
		if (!class_lock_list_valid(class, &class->locks_before))
			return false;
		if (!class_lock_list_valid(class, &class->locks_after))
			return false;
	}

	/* Check the chain_key of all lock chains. */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(chainhash_table); i++) {
		head = chainhash_table + i;
		hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(chain, head, entry) {
			if (!check_lock_chain_key(chain))
				return false;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Check whether all list entries that are in use occur in a class
	 * lock list.
	 */
	for_each_set_bit(i, list_entries_in_use, ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries)) {
		e = list_entries + i;
		if (!in_any_class_list(&e->entry)) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "list entry %d is not in any class list; class %s <> %s\n",
			       (unsigned int)(e - list_entries),
			       e->class->name ? : "(?)",
			       e->links_to->name ? : "(?)");
			return false;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Check whether all list entries that are not in use do not occur in
	 * a class lock list.
	 */
	for_each_clear_bit(i, list_entries_in_use, ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries)) {
		e = list_entries + i;
		if (in_any_class_list(&e->entry)) {
			printk(KERN_INFO "list entry %d occurs in a class list; class %s <> %s\n",
			       (unsigned int)(e - list_entries),
			       e->class && e->class->name ? e->class->name :
			       "(?)",
			       e->links_to && e->links_to->name ?
			       e->links_to->name : "(?)");
			return false;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

int check_consistency = 0;
module_param(check_consistency, int, 0644);

static void check_data_structures(void)
{
	static bool once = false;

	if (check_consistency && !once) {
		if (!__check_data_structures()) {
			once = true;
			WARN_ON(once);
		}
	}
}

#else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP */

static inline void check_data_structures(void) { }

#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP */

/*
 * Initialize the lock_classes[] array elements, the free_lock_classes list
 * and also the delayed_free structure.
 */
static void init_data_structures_once(void)
{
	static bool ds_initialized, rcu_head_initialized;
	int i;

	if (likely(rcu_head_initialized))
		return;

	if (system_state >= SYSTEM_SCHEDULING) {
		init_rcu_head(&delayed_free.rcu_head);
		rcu_head_initialized = true;
	}

	if (ds_initialized)
		return;

	ds_initialized = true;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&delayed_free.pf[0].zapped);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&delayed_free.pf[1].zapped);

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lock_classes); i++) {
		list_add_tail(&lock_classes[i].lock_entry, &free_lock_classes);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock_classes[i].locks_after);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock_classes[i].locks_before);
	}
}

static inline struct hlist_head *keyhashentry(const struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	unsigned long hash = hash_long((uintptr_t)key, KEYHASH_BITS);

	return lock_keys_hash + hash;
}

/* Register a dynamically allocated key. */
void lockdep_register_key(struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct hlist_head *hash_head;
	struct lock_class_key *k;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(static_obj(key)))
		return;
	hash_head = keyhashentry(key);

	raw_local_irq_save(flags);
	if (!graph_lock())
		goto restore_irqs;
	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(k, hash_head, hash_entry) {
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(k == key))
			goto out_unlock;
	}
	hlist_add_head_rcu(&key->hash_entry, hash_head);
out_unlock:
	graph_unlock();
restore_irqs:
	raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_register_key);

/* Check whether a key has been registered as a dynamic key. */
static bool is_dynamic_key(const struct lock_class_key *key)
{
	struct hlist_head *hash_head;
	struct lock_class_key *k;
	bool found = false;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(static_obj(key)))
		return false;

	/*
	 * If lock debugging is disabled lock_keys_hash[] may contain
	 * pointers to memory that has already been freed. Avoid triggering
	 * a use-after-free in that case by returning early.
	 */
	if (!debug_locks)
		return true;

	hash_head = keyhashentry(key);

	rcu_read_lock();
	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(k, hash_head, hash_entry) {
		if (k == key) {
			found = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();

	return found;
}

/*
 * Register a lock's class in the hash-table, if the class is not present
 * yet. Otherwise we look it up. We cache the result in the lock object
 * itself, so actual lookup of the hash should be once per lock object.
 */
static struct lock_class *
register_lock_class(struct lockdep_map *lock, unsigned int subclass, int force)
{
	struct lockdep_subclass_key *key;
	struct hlist_head *hash_head;
	struct lock_class *class;

	DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

	class = look_up_lock_class(lock, subclass);
	if (likely(class))
		goto out_set_class_cache;

	if (!lock->key) {
		if (!assign_lock_key(lock))
			return NULL;
	} else if (!static_obj(lock->key) && !is_dynamic_key(lock->key)) {
		return NULL;
	}

	key = lock->key->subkeys + subclass;
	hash_head = classhashentry(key);

	if (!graph_lock()) {
		return NULL;
	}
	/*
	 * We have to do the hash-walk again, to avoid races
	 * with another CPU:
	 */
	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(class, hash_head, hash_entry) {
		if (class->key == key)
			goto out_unlock_set;
	}

	init_data_structures_once();

	/* Allocate a new lock class and add it to the hash. */
	class = list_first_entry_or_null(&free_lock_classes, typeof(*class),
					 lock_entry);
	if (!class) {
		if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock()) {
			return NULL;
		}

		print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS too low!");
		dump_stack();
		return NULL;
	}
	nr_lock_classes++;
	debug_atomic_inc(nr_unused_locks);
	class->key = key;
	class->name = lock->name;
	class->subclass = subclass;
	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&class->locks_before));
	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&class->locks_after));
	class->name_version = count_matching_names(class);
	/*
	 * We use RCU's safe list-add method to make
	 * parallel walking of the hash-list safe:
	 */
	hlist_add_head_rcu(&class->hash_entry, hash_head);
	/*
	 * Remove the class from the free list and add it to the global list
	 * of classes.
	 */
	list_move_tail(&class->lock_entry, &all_lock_classes);

	if (verbose(class)) {
		graph_unlock();

		printk("\nnew class %px: %s", class->key, class->name);
		if (class->name_version > 1)
			printk(KERN_CONT "#%d", class->name_version);
		printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
		dump_stack();

		if (!graph_lock()) {
			return NULL;
		}
	}
out_unlock_set:
	graph_unlock();

out_set_class_cache:
	if (!subclass || force)
		lock->class_cache[0] = class;
	else if (subclass < NR_LOCKDEP_CACHING_CLASSES)
		lock->class_cache[subclass] = class;

	/*
	 * Hash collision, did we smoke some? We found a class with a matching
	 * hash but the subclass -- which is hashed in -- didn't match.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(class->subclass != subclass))
		return NULL;

	return class;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
/*
 * Allocate a lockdep entry. (assumes the graph_lock held, returns
 * with NULL on failure)
 */
static struct lock_list *alloc_list_entry(void)
{
	int idx = find_first_zero_bit(list_entries_in_use,
				      ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries));

	if (idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries)) {
		if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
			return NULL;

		print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_ENTRIES too low!");
		dump_stack();
		return NULL;
	}
	nr_list_entries++;
	__set_bit(idx, list_entries_in_use);
	return list_entries + idx;
}

/*
 * Add a new dependency to the head of the list:
 */
static int add_lock_to_list(struct lock_class *this,
			    struct lock_class *links_to, struct list_head *head,
			    unsigned long ip, int distance,
			    struct stack_trace *trace)
{
	struct lock_list *entry;
	/*
	 * Lock not present yet - get a new dependency struct and
	 * add it to the list:
	 */
	entry = alloc_list_entry();
	if (!entry)
		return 0;

	entry->class = this;
	entry->links_to = links_to;
	entry->distance = distance;
	entry->trace = *trace;
	/*
	 * Both allocation and removal are done under the graph lock; but
	 * iteration is under RCU-sched; see look_up_lock_class() and
	 * lockdep_free_key_range().
	 */
	list_add_tail_rcu(&entry->entry, head);

	return 1;
}

/*
 * For good efficiency of modular, we use power of 2
 */
#define MAX_CIRCULAR_QUEUE_SIZE		4096UL
#define CQ_MASK				(MAX_CIRCULAR_QUEUE_SIZE-1)

/*
 * The circular_queue and helpers is used to implement the
 * breadth-first search(BFS)algorithem, by which we can build
 * the shortest path from the next lock to be acquired to the
 * previous held lock if there is a circular between them.
 */
struct circular_queue {
	unsigned long element[MAX_CIRCULAR_QUEUE_SIZE];
	unsigned int  front, rear;
};

static struct circular_queue lock_cq;

unsigned int max_bfs_queue_depth;

static unsigned int lockdep_dependency_gen_id;

static inline void __cq_init(struct circular_queue *cq)
{
	cq->front = cq->rear = 0;
	lockdep_dependency_gen_id++;
}

static inline int __cq_empty(struct circular_queue *cq)
{
	return (cq->front == cq->rear);
}

static inline int __cq_full(struct circular_queue *cq)
{
	return ((cq->rear + 1) & CQ_MASK) == cq->front;
}

static inline int __cq_enqueue(struct circular_queue *cq, unsigned long elem)
{
	if (__cq_full(cq))
		return -1;

	cq->element[cq->rear] = elem;
	cq->rear = (cq->rear + 1) & CQ_MASK;
	return 0;
}

static inline int __cq_dequeue(struct circular_queue *cq, unsigned long *elem)
{
	if (__cq_empty(cq))
		return -1;

	*elem = cq->element[cq->front];
	cq->front = (cq->front + 1) & CQ_MASK;
	return 0;
}

static inline unsigned int  __cq_get_elem_count(struct circular_queue *cq)
{
	return (cq->rear - cq->front) & CQ_MASK;
}

static inline void mark_lock_accessed(struct lock_list *lock,
					struct lock_list *parent)
{
	unsigned long nr;

	nr = lock - list_entries;
	WARN_ON(nr >= ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries)); /* Out-of-bounds, input fail */
	lock->parent = parent;
	lock->class->dep_gen_id = lockdep_dependency_gen_id;
}

static inline unsigned long lock_accessed(struct lock_list *lock)
{
	unsigned long nr;

	nr = lock - list_entries;
	WARN_ON(nr >= ARRAY_SIZE(list_entries)); /* Out-of-bounds, input fail */
	return lock->class->dep_gen_id == lockdep_dependency_gen_id;
}

static inline struct lock_list *get_lock_parent(struct lock_list *child)
{
	return child->parent;
}

static inline int get_lock_depth(struct lock_list *child)
{
	int depth = 0;
	struct lock_list *parent;

	while ((parent = get_lock_parent(child))) {
		child = parent;
		depth++;
	}
	return depth;
}

static int __bfs(struct lock_list *source_entry,
		 void *data,
		 int (*match)(struct lock_list *entry, void *data),
		 struct lock_list **target_entry,
		 int forward)
{
	struct lock_list *entry;
	struct list_head *head;
	struct circular_queue *cq = &lock_cq;
	int ret = 1;

	if (match(source_entry, data)) {
		*target_entry = source_entry;
		ret = 0;
		goto exit;
	}

	if (forward)
		head = &source_entry->class->locks_after;
	else
		head = &source_entry->class->locks_before;

	if (list_empty(head))
		goto exit;

	__cq_init(cq);
	__cq_enqueue(cq, (unsigned long)source_entry);

	while (!__cq_empty(cq)) {
		struct lock_list *lock;

		__cq_dequeue(cq, (unsigned long *)&lock);

		if (!lock->class) {
			ret = -2;
			goto exit;
		}

		if (forward)
			head = &lock->class->locks_after;
		else
			head = &lock->class->locks_before;

		DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());

		list_for_each_entry_rcu(entry, head, entry) {
			if (!lock_accessed(entry)) {
				unsigned int cq_depth;
				mark_lock_accessed(entry, lock);
				if (match(entry, data)) {
					*target_entry = entry;
					ret = 0;
					goto exit;
				}

				if (__cq_enqueue(cq, (unsigned long)entry)) {
					ret = -1;
					goto exit;
				}
				cq_depth = __cq_get_elem_count(cq);
				if (max_bfs_queue_depth < cq_depth)
					max_bfs_queue_depth = cq_depth;
			}
		}
	}
exit:
	return ret;
}

static inline int __bfs_forwards(struct lock_list *src_entry,
			void *data,
			int (*match)(struct lock_list *entry, void *data),
			struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	return __bfs(src_entry, data, match, target_entry, 1);

}

static inline int __bfs_backwards(struct lock_list *src_entry,
			void *data,
			int (*match)(struct lock_list *entry, void *data),
			struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	return __bfs(src_entry, data, match, target_entry, 0);

}

/*
 * Recursive, forwards-direction lock-dependency checking, used for
 * both noncyclic checking and for hardirq-unsafe/softirq-unsafe
 * checking.
 */

/*
 * Print a dependency chain entry (this is only done when a deadlock
 * has been detected):
 */
static noinline int
print_circular_bug_entry(struct lock_list *target, int depth)
{
	if (debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;
	printk("\n-> #%u", depth);
	print_lock_name(target->class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ":\n");
	print_stack_trace(&target->trace, 6);

	return 0;
}

static void
print_circular_lock_scenario(struct held_lock *src,
			     struct held_lock *tgt,
			     struct lock_list *prt)
{
	struct lock_class *source = hlock_class(src);
	struct lock_class *target = hlock_class(tgt);
	struct lock_class *parent = prt->class;

	/*
	 * A direct locking problem where unsafe_class lock is taken
	 * directly by safe_class lock, then all we need to show
	 * is the deadlock scenario, as it is obvious that the
	 * unsafe lock is taken under the safe lock.
	 *
	 * But if there is a chain instead, where the safe lock takes
	 * an intermediate lock (middle_class) where this lock is
	 * not the same as the safe lock, then the lock chain is
	 * used to describe the problem. Otherwise we would need
	 * to show a different CPU case for each link in the chain
	 * from the safe_class lock to the unsafe_class lock.
	 */
	if (parent != source) {
		printk("Chain exists of:\n  ");
		__print_lock_name(source);
		printk(KERN_CONT " --> ");
		__print_lock_name(parent);
		printk(KERN_CONT " --> ");
		__print_lock_name(target);
		printk(KERN_CONT "\n\n");
	}

	printk(" Possible unsafe locking scenario:\n\n");
	printk("       CPU0                    CPU1\n");
	printk("       ----                    ----\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(target);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("                               lock(");
	__print_lock_name(parent);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("                               lock(");
	__print_lock_name(target);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(source);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
}

/*
 * When a circular dependency is detected, print the
 * header first:
 */
static noinline int
print_circular_bug_header(struct lock_list *entry, unsigned int depth,
			struct held_lock *check_src,
			struct held_lock *check_tgt)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	if (debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("======================================================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected\n");
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("------------------------------------------------------\n");
	pr_warn("%s/%d is trying to acquire lock:\n",
		curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr));
	print_lock(check_src);

	pr_warn("\nbut task is already holding lock:\n");

	print_lock(check_tgt);
	pr_warn("\nwhich lock already depends on the new lock.\n\n");
	pr_warn("\nthe existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:\n");

	print_circular_bug_entry(entry, depth);

	return 0;
}

static inline int class_equal(struct lock_list *entry, void *data)
{
	return entry->class == data;
}

static noinline int print_circular_bug(struct lock_list *this,
				struct lock_list *target,
				struct held_lock *check_src,
				struct held_lock *check_tgt,
				struct stack_trace *trace)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;
	struct lock_list *parent;
	struct lock_list *first_parent;
	int depth;

	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	if (!save_trace(&this->trace))
		return 0;

	depth = get_lock_depth(target);

	print_circular_bug_header(target, depth, check_src, check_tgt);

	parent = get_lock_parent(target);
	first_parent = parent;

	while (parent) {
		print_circular_bug_entry(parent, --depth);
		parent = get_lock_parent(parent);
	}

	printk("\nother info that might help us debug this:\n\n");
	print_circular_lock_scenario(check_src, check_tgt,
				     first_parent);

	lockdep_print_held_locks(curr);

	printk("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();

	return 0;
}

static noinline int print_bfs_bug(int ret)
{
	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Breadth-first-search failed, graph got corrupted?
	 */
	WARN(1, "lockdep bfs error:%d\n", ret);

	return 0;
}

static int noop_count(struct lock_list *entry, void *data)
{
	(*(unsigned long *)data)++;
	return 0;
}

static unsigned long __lockdep_count_forward_deps(struct lock_list *this)
{
	unsigned long  count = 0;
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);

	__bfs_forwards(this, (void *)&count, noop_count, &target_entry);

	return count;
}
unsigned long lockdep_count_forward_deps(struct lock_class *class)
{
	unsigned long ret, flags;
	struct lock_list this;

	this.parent = NULL;
	this.class = class;

	raw_local_irq_save(flags);
	arch_spin_lock(&lockdep_lock);
	ret = __lockdep_count_forward_deps(&this);
	arch_spin_unlock(&lockdep_lock);
	raw_local_irq_restore(flags);

	return ret;
}

static unsigned long __lockdep_count_backward_deps(struct lock_list *this)
{
	unsigned long  count = 0;
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);

	__bfs_backwards(this, (void *)&count, noop_count, &target_entry);

	return count;
}

unsigned long lockdep_count_backward_deps(struct lock_class *class)
{
	unsigned long ret, flags;
	struct lock_list this;

	this.parent = NULL;
	this.class = class;

	raw_local_irq_save(flags);
	arch_spin_lock(&lockdep_lock);
	ret = __lockdep_count_backward_deps(&this);
	arch_spin_unlock(&lockdep_lock);
	raw_local_irq_restore(flags);

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Prove that the dependency graph starting at <entry> can not
 * lead to <target>. Print an error and return 0 if it does.
 */
static noinline int
check_noncircular(struct lock_list *root, struct lock_class *target,
		struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	int result;

	debug_atomic_inc(nr_cyclic_checks);

	result = __bfs_forwards(root, target, class_equal, target_entry);

	return result;
}

static noinline int
check_redundant(struct lock_list *root, struct lock_class *target,
		struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	int result;

	debug_atomic_inc(nr_redundant_checks);

	result = __bfs_forwards(root, target, class_equal, target_entry);

	return result;
}

#if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS) && defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING)
/*
 * Forwards and backwards subgraph searching, for the purposes of
 * proving that two subgraphs can be connected by a new dependency
 * without creating any illegal irq-safe -> irq-unsafe lock dependency.
 */

static inline int usage_match(struct lock_list *entry, void *bit)
{
	return entry->class->usage_mask & (1 << (enum lock_usage_bit)bit);
}



/*
 * Find a node in the forwards-direction dependency sub-graph starting
 * at @root->class that matches @bit.
 *
 * Return 0 if such a node exists in the subgraph, and put that node
 * into *@target_entry.
 *
 * Return 1 otherwise and keep *@target_entry unchanged.
 * Return <0 on error.
 */
static int
find_usage_forwards(struct lock_list *root, enum lock_usage_bit bit,
			struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	int result;

	debug_atomic_inc(nr_find_usage_forwards_checks);

	result = __bfs_forwards(root, (void *)bit, usage_match, target_entry);

	return result;
}

/*
 * Find a node in the backwards-direction dependency sub-graph starting
 * at @root->class that matches @bit.
 *
 * Return 0 if such a node exists in the subgraph, and put that node
 * into *@target_entry.
 *
 * Return 1 otherwise and keep *@target_entry unchanged.
 * Return <0 on error.
 */
static int
find_usage_backwards(struct lock_list *root, enum lock_usage_bit bit,
			struct lock_list **target_entry)
{
	int result;

	debug_atomic_inc(nr_find_usage_backwards_checks);

	result = __bfs_backwards(root, (void *)bit, usage_match, target_entry);

	return result;
}

static void print_lock_class_header(struct lock_class *class, int depth)
{
	int bit;

	printk("%*s->", depth, "");
	print_lock_name(class);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
	printk(KERN_CONT " ops: %lu", debug_class_ops_read(class));
#endif
	printk(KERN_CONT " {\n");

	for (bit = 0; bit < LOCK_USAGE_STATES; bit++) {
		if (class->usage_mask & (1 << bit)) {
			int len = depth;

			len += printk("%*s   %s", depth, "", usage_str[bit]);
			len += printk(KERN_CONT " at:\n");
			print_stack_trace(class->usage_traces + bit, len);
		}
	}
	printk("%*s }\n", depth, "");

	printk("%*s ... key      at: [<%px>] %pS\n",
		depth, "", class->key, class->key);
}

/*
 * printk the shortest lock dependencies from @start to @end in reverse order:
 */
static void __used
print_shortest_lock_dependencies(struct lock_list *leaf,
				struct lock_list *root)
{
	struct lock_list *entry = leaf;
	int depth;

	/*compute depth from generated tree by BFS*/
	depth = get_lock_depth(leaf);

	do {
		print_lock_class_header(entry->class, depth);
		printk("%*s ... acquired at:\n", depth, "");
		print_stack_trace(&entry->trace, 2);
		printk("\n");

		if (depth == 0 && (entry != root)) {
			printk("lockdep:%s bad path found in chain graph\n", __func__);
			break;
		}

		entry = get_lock_parent(entry);
		depth--;
	} while (entry && (depth >= 0));

	return;
}

static void
print_irq_lock_scenario(struct lock_list *safe_entry,
			struct lock_list *unsafe_entry,
			struct lock_class *prev_class,
			struct lock_class *next_class)
{
	struct lock_class *safe_class = safe_entry->class;
	struct lock_class *unsafe_class = unsafe_entry->class;
	struct lock_class *middle_class = prev_class;

	if (middle_class == safe_class)
		middle_class = next_class;

	/*
	 * A direct locking problem where unsafe_class lock is taken
	 * directly by safe_class lock, then all we need to show
	 * is the deadlock scenario, as it is obvious that the
	 * unsafe lock is taken under the safe lock.
	 *
	 * But if there is a chain instead, where the safe lock takes
	 * an intermediate lock (middle_class) where this lock is
	 * not the same as the safe lock, then the lock chain is
	 * used to describe the problem. Otherwise we would need
	 * to show a different CPU case for each link in the chain
	 * from the safe_class lock to the unsafe_class lock.
	 */
	if (middle_class != unsafe_class) {
		printk("Chain exists of:\n  ");
		__print_lock_name(safe_class);
		printk(KERN_CONT " --> ");
		__print_lock_name(middle_class);
		printk(KERN_CONT " --> ");
		__print_lock_name(unsafe_class);
		printk(KERN_CONT "\n\n");
	}

	printk(" Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:\n\n");
	printk("       CPU0                    CPU1\n");
	printk("       ----                    ----\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(unsafe_class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("                               local_irq_disable();\n");
	printk("                               lock(");
	__print_lock_name(safe_class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("                               lock(");
	__print_lock_name(middle_class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("  <Interrupt>\n");
	printk("    lock(");
	__print_lock_name(safe_class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
}

static int
print_bad_irq_dependency(struct task_struct *curr,
			 struct lock_list *prev_root,
			 struct lock_list *next_root,
			 struct lock_list *backwards_entry,
			 struct lock_list *forwards_entry,
			 struct held_lock *prev,
			 struct held_lock *next,
			 enum lock_usage_bit bit1,
			 enum lock_usage_bit bit2,
			 const char *irqclass)
{
	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("=====================================================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: %s-safe -> %s-unsafe lock order detected\n",
		irqclass, irqclass);
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
	pr_warn("%s/%d [HC%u[%lu]:SC%u[%lu]:HE%u:SE%u] is trying to acquire:\n",
		curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr),
		curr->hardirq_context, hardirq_count() >> HARDIRQ_SHIFT,
		curr->softirq_context, softirq_count() >> SOFTIRQ_SHIFT,
		curr->hardirqs_enabled,
		curr->softirqs_enabled);
	print_lock(next);

	pr_warn("\nand this task is already holding:\n");
	print_lock(prev);
	pr_warn("which would create a new lock dependency:\n");
	print_lock_name(hlock_class(prev));
	pr_cont(" ->");
	print_lock_name(hlock_class(next));
	pr_cont("\n");

	pr_warn("\nbut this new dependency connects a %s-irq-safe lock:\n",
		irqclass);
	print_lock_name(backwards_entry->class);
	pr_warn("\n... which became %s-irq-safe at:\n", irqclass);

	print_stack_trace(backwards_entry->class->usage_traces + bit1, 1);

	pr_warn("\nto a %s-irq-unsafe lock:\n", irqclass);
	print_lock_name(forwards_entry->class);
	pr_warn("\n... which became %s-irq-unsafe at:\n", irqclass);
	pr_warn("...");

	print_stack_trace(forwards_entry->class->usage_traces + bit2, 1);

	pr_warn("\nother info that might help us debug this:\n\n");
	print_irq_lock_scenario(backwards_entry, forwards_entry,
				hlock_class(prev), hlock_class(next));

	lockdep_print_held_locks(curr);

	pr_warn("\nthe dependencies between %s-irq-safe lock and the holding lock:\n", irqclass);
	if (!save_trace(&prev_root->trace))
		return 0;
	print_shortest_lock_dependencies(backwards_entry, prev_root);

	pr_warn("\nthe dependencies between the lock to be acquired");
	pr_warn(" and %s-irq-unsafe lock:\n", irqclass);
	if (!save_trace(&next_root->trace))
		return 0;
	print_shortest_lock_dependencies(forwards_entry, next_root);

	pr_warn("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();

	return 0;
}

static int
check_usage(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
	    struct held_lock *next, enum lock_usage_bit bit_backwards,
	    enum lock_usage_bit bit_forwards, const char *irqclass)
{
	int ret;
	struct lock_list this, that;
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry1);

	this.parent = NULL;

	this.class = hlock_class(prev);
	ret = find_usage_backwards(&this, bit_backwards, &target_entry);
	if (ret < 0)
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);
	if (ret == 1)
		return ret;

	that.parent = NULL;
	that.class = hlock_class(next);
	ret = find_usage_forwards(&that, bit_forwards, &target_entry1);
	if (ret < 0)
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);
	if (ret == 1)
		return ret;

	return print_bad_irq_dependency(curr, &this, &that,
			target_entry, target_entry1,
			prev, next,
			bit_backwards, bit_forwards, irqclass);
}

static const char *state_names[] = {
#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE) \
	__stringify(__STATE),
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE
};

static const char *state_rnames[] = {
#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE) \
	__stringify(__STATE)"-READ",
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE
};

static inline const char *state_name(enum lock_usage_bit bit)
{
	return (bit & LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK) ? state_rnames[bit >> 2] : state_names[bit >> 2];
}

static int exclusive_bit(int new_bit)
{
	int state = new_bit & LOCK_USAGE_STATE_MASK;
	int dir = new_bit & LOCK_USAGE_DIR_MASK;

	/*
	 * keep state, bit flip the direction and strip read.
	 */
	return state | (dir ^ LOCK_USAGE_DIR_MASK);
}

static int check_irq_usage(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
			   struct held_lock *next, enum lock_usage_bit bit)
{
	/*
	 * Prove that the new dependency does not connect a hardirq-safe
	 * lock with a hardirq-unsafe lock - to achieve this we search
	 * the backwards-subgraph starting at <prev>, and the
	 * forwards-subgraph starting at <next>:
	 */
	if (!check_usage(curr, prev, next, bit,
			   exclusive_bit(bit), state_name(bit)))
		return 0;

	bit++; /* _READ */

	/*
	 * Prove that the new dependency does not connect a hardirq-safe-read
	 * lock with a hardirq-unsafe lock - to achieve this we search
	 * the backwards-subgraph starting at <prev>, and the
	 * forwards-subgraph starting at <next>:
	 */
	if (!check_usage(curr, prev, next, bit,
			   exclusive_bit(bit), state_name(bit)))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

static int
check_prev_add_irq(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
		struct held_lock *next)
{
#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE)						\
	if (!check_irq_usage(curr, prev, next, LOCK_USED_IN_##__STATE))	\
		return 0;
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE

	return 1;
}

static void inc_chains(void)
{
	if (current->hardirq_context)
		nr_hardirq_chains++;
	else {
		if (current->softirq_context)
			nr_softirq_chains++;
		else
			nr_process_chains++;
	}
}

#else

static inline int
check_prev_add_irq(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
		struct held_lock *next)
{
	return 1;
}

static inline void inc_chains(void)
{
	nr_process_chains++;
}

#endif

static void
print_deadlock_scenario(struct held_lock *nxt,
			     struct held_lock *prv)
{
	struct lock_class *next = hlock_class(nxt);
	struct lock_class *prev = hlock_class(prv);

	printk(" Possible unsafe locking scenario:\n\n");
	printk("       CPU0\n");
	printk("       ----\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(prev);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(next);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
	printk(" May be due to missing lock nesting notation\n\n");
}

static int
print_deadlock_bug(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
		   struct held_lock *next)
{
	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("============================================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: possible recursive locking detected\n");
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("--------------------------------------------\n");
	pr_warn("%s/%d is trying to acquire lock:\n",
		curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr));
	print_lock(next);
	pr_warn("\nbut task is already holding lock:\n");
	print_lock(prev);

	pr_warn("\nother info that might help us debug this:\n");
	print_deadlock_scenario(next, prev);
	lockdep_print_held_locks(curr);

	pr_warn("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check whether we are holding such a class already.
 *
 * (Note that this has to be done separately, because the graph cannot
 * detect such classes of deadlocks.)
 *
 * Returns: 0 on deadlock detected, 1 on OK, 2 on recursive read
 */
static int
check_deadlock(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *next,
	       struct lockdep_map *next_instance, int read)
{
	struct held_lock *prev;
	struct held_lock *nest = NULL;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < curr->lockdep_depth; i++) {
		prev = curr->held_locks + i;

		if (prev->instance == next->nest_lock)
			nest = prev;

		if (hlock_class(prev) != hlock_class(next))
			continue;

		/*
		 * Allow read-after-read recursion of the same
		 * lock class (i.e. read_lock(lock)+read_lock(lock)):
		 */
		if ((read == 2) && prev->read)
			return 2;

		/*
		 * We're holding the nest_lock, which serializes this lock's
		 * nesting behaviour.
		 */
		if (nest)
			return 2;

		return print_deadlock_bug(curr, prev, next);
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * There was a chain-cache miss, and we are about to add a new dependency
 * to a previous lock. We recursively validate the following rules:
 *
 *  - would the adding of the <prev> -> <next> dependency create a
 *    circular dependency in the graph? [== circular deadlock]
 *
 *  - does the new prev->next dependency connect any hardirq-safe lock
 *    (in the full backwards-subgraph starting at <prev>) with any
 *    hardirq-unsafe lock (in the full forwards-subgraph starting at
 *    <next>)? [== illegal lock inversion with hardirq contexts]
 *
 *  - does the new prev->next dependency connect any softirq-safe lock
 *    (in the full backwards-subgraph starting at <prev>) with any
 *    softirq-unsafe lock (in the full forwards-subgraph starting at
 *    <next>)? [== illegal lock inversion with softirq contexts]
 *
 * any of these scenarios could lead to a deadlock.
 *
 * Then if all the validations pass, we add the forwards and backwards
 * dependency.
 */
static int
check_prev_add(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *prev,
	       struct held_lock *next, int distance, struct stack_trace *trace,
	       int (*save)(struct stack_trace *trace))
{
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);
	struct lock_list *entry;
	struct lock_list this;
	int ret;

	if (!hlock_class(prev)->key || !hlock_class(next)->key) {
		/*
		 * The warning statements below may trigger a use-after-free
		 * of the class name. It is better to trigger a use-after free
		 * and to have the class name most of the time instead of not
		 * having the class name available.
		 */
		WARN_ONCE(!debug_locks_silent && !hlock_class(prev)->key,
			  "Detected use-after-free of lock class %px/%s\n",
			  hlock_class(prev),
			  hlock_class(prev)->name);
		WARN_ONCE(!debug_locks_silent && !hlock_class(next)->key,
			  "Detected use-after-free of lock class %px/%s\n",
			  hlock_class(next),
			  hlock_class(next)->name);
		return 2;
	}

	/*
	 * Prove that the new <prev> -> <next> dependency would not
	 * create a circular dependency in the graph. (We do this by
	 * forward-recursing into the graph starting at <next>, and
	 * checking whether we can reach <prev>.)
	 *
	 * We are using global variables to control the recursion, to
	 * keep the stackframe size of the recursive functions low:
	 */
	this.class = hlock_class(next);
	this.parent = NULL;
	ret = check_noncircular(&this, hlock_class(prev), &target_entry);
	if (unlikely(!ret)) {
		if (!trace->entries) {
			/*
			 * If @save fails here, the printing might trigger
			 * a WARN but because of the !nr_entries it should
			 * not do bad things.
			 */
			save(trace);
		}
		return print_circular_bug(&this, target_entry, next, prev, trace);
	}
	else if (unlikely(ret < 0))
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);

	if (!check_prev_add_irq(curr, prev, next))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * For recursive read-locks we do all the dependency checks,
	 * but we dont store read-triggered dependencies (only
	 * write-triggered dependencies). This ensures that only the
	 * write-side dependencies matter, and that if for example a
	 * write-lock never takes any other locks, then the reads are
	 * equivalent to a NOP.
	 */
	if (next->read == 2 || prev->read == 2)
		return 1;
	/*
	 * Is the <prev> -> <next> dependency already present?
	 *
	 * (this may occur even though this is a new chain: consider
	 *  e.g. the L1 -> L2 -> L3 -> L4 and the L5 -> L1 -> L2 -> L3
	 *  chains - the second one will be new, but L1 already has
	 *  L2 added to its dependency list, due to the first chain.)
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(entry, &hlock_class(prev)->locks_after, entry) {
		if (entry->class == hlock_class(next)) {
			if (distance == 1)
				entry->distance = 1;
			return 1;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Is the <prev> -> <next> link redundant?
	 */
	this.class = hlock_class(prev);
	this.parent = NULL;
	ret = check_redundant(&this, hlock_class(next), &target_entry);
	if (!ret) {
		debug_atomic_inc(nr_redundant);
		return 2;
	}
	if (ret < 0)
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);


	if (!trace->entries && !save(trace))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Ok, all validations passed, add the new lock
	 * to the previous lock's dependency list:
	 */
	ret = add_lock_to_list(hlock_class(next), hlock_class(prev),
			       &hlock_class(prev)->locks_after,
			       next->acquire_ip, distance, trace);

	if (!ret)
		return 0;

	ret = add_lock_to_list(hlock_class(prev), hlock_class(next),
			       &hlock_class(next)->locks_before,
			       next->acquire_ip, distance, trace);
	if (!ret)
		return 0;

	return 2;
}

/*
 * Add the dependency to all directly-previous locks that are 'relevant'.
 * The ones that are relevant are (in increasing distance from curr):
 * all consecutive trylock entries and the final non-trylock entry - or
 * the end of this context's lock-chain - whichever comes first.
 */
static int
check_prevs_add(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *next)
{
	int depth = curr->lockdep_depth;
	struct held_lock *hlock;
	struct stack_trace trace = {
		.nr_entries = 0,
		.max_entries = 0,
		.entries = NULL,
		.skip = 0,
	};

	/*
	 * Debugging checks.
	 *
	 * Depth must not be zero for a non-head lock:
	 */
	if (!depth)
		goto out_bug;
	/*
	 * At least two relevant locks must exist for this
	 * to be a head:
	 */
	if (curr->held_locks[depth].irq_context !=
			curr->held_locks[depth-1].irq_context)
		goto out_bug;

	for (;;) {
		int distance = curr->lockdep_depth - depth + 1;
		hlock = curr->held_locks + depth - 1;

		/*
		 * Only non-recursive-read entries get new dependencies
		 * added:
		 */
		if (hlock->read != 2 && hlock->check) {
			int ret = check_prev_add(curr, hlock, next, distance, &trace, save_trace);
			if (!ret)
				return 0;

			/*
			 * Stop after the first non-trylock entry,
			 * as non-trylock entries have added their
			 * own direct dependencies already, so this
			 * lock is connected to them indirectly:
			 */
			if (!hlock->trylock)
				break;
		}

		depth--;
		/*
		 * End of lock-stack?
		 */
		if (!depth)
			break;
		/*
		 * Stop the search if we cross into another context:
		 */
		if (curr->held_locks[depth].irq_context !=
				curr->held_locks[depth-1].irq_context)
			break;
	}
	return 1;
out_bug:
	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Clearly we all shouldn't be here, but since we made it we
	 * can reliable say we messed up our state. See the above two
	 * gotos for reasons why we could possibly end up here.
	 */
	WARN_ON(1);

	return 0;
}

struct lock_chain lock_chains[MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS];
static DECLARE_BITMAP(lock_chains_in_use, MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS);
int nr_chain_hlocks;
static u16 chain_hlocks[MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS];

struct lock_class *lock_chain_get_class(struct lock_chain *chain, int i)
{
	return lock_classes + chain_hlocks[chain->base + i];
}

/*
 * Returns the index of the first held_lock of the current chain
 */
static inline int get_first_held_lock(struct task_struct *curr,
					struct held_lock *hlock)
{
	int i;
	struct held_lock *hlock_curr;

	for (i = curr->lockdep_depth - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		hlock_curr = curr->held_locks + i;
		if (hlock_curr->irq_context != hlock->irq_context)
			break;

	}

	return ++i;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
/*
 * Returns the next chain_key iteration
 */
static u64 print_chain_key_iteration(int class_idx, u64 chain_key)
{
	u64 new_chain_key = iterate_chain_key(chain_key, class_idx);

	printk(" class_idx:%d -> chain_key:%016Lx",
		class_idx,
		(unsigned long long)new_chain_key);
	return new_chain_key;
}

static void
print_chain_keys_held_locks(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *hlock_next)
{
	struct held_lock *hlock;
	u64 chain_key = 0;
	int depth = curr->lockdep_depth;
	int i;

	printk("depth: %u\n", depth + 1);
	for (i = get_first_held_lock(curr, hlock_next); i < depth; i++) {
		hlock = curr->held_locks + i;
		chain_key = print_chain_key_iteration(hlock->class_idx, chain_key);

		print_lock(hlock);
	}

	print_chain_key_iteration(hlock_next->class_idx, chain_key);
	print_lock(hlock_next);
}

static void print_chain_keys_chain(struct lock_chain *chain)
{
	int i;
	u64 chain_key = 0;
	int class_id;

	printk("depth: %u\n", chain->depth);
	for (i = 0; i < chain->depth; i++) {
		class_id = chain_hlocks[chain->base + i];
		chain_key = print_chain_key_iteration(class_id + 1, chain_key);

		print_lock_name(lock_classes + class_id);
		printk("\n");
	}
}

static void print_collision(struct task_struct *curr,
			struct held_lock *hlock_next,
			struct lock_chain *chain)
{
	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("============================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: chain_key collision\n");
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("----------------------------\n");
	pr_warn("%s/%d: ", current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
	pr_warn("Hash chain already cached but the contents don't match!\n");

	pr_warn("Held locks:");
	print_chain_keys_held_locks(curr, hlock_next);

	pr_warn("Locks in cached chain:");
	print_chain_keys_chain(chain);

	pr_warn("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();
}
#endif

/*
 * Checks whether the chain and the current held locks are consistent
 * in depth and also in content. If they are not it most likely means
 * that there was a collision during the calculation of the chain_key.
 * Returns: 0 not passed, 1 passed
 */
static int check_no_collision(struct task_struct *curr,
			struct held_lock *hlock,
			struct lock_chain *chain)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
	int i, j, id;

	i = get_first_held_lock(curr, hlock);

	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(chain->depth != curr->lockdep_depth - (i - 1))) {
		print_collision(curr, hlock, chain);
		return 0;
	}

	for (j = 0; j < chain->depth - 1; j++, i++) {
		id = curr->held_locks[i].class_idx - 1;

		if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(chain_hlocks[chain->base + j] != id)) {
			print_collision(curr, hlock, chain);
			return 0;
		}
	}
#endif
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Given an index that is >= -1, return the index of the next lock chain.
 * Return -2 if there is no next lock chain.
 */
long lockdep_next_lockchain(long i)
{
	i = find_next_bit(lock_chains_in_use, ARRAY_SIZE(lock_chains), i + 1);
	return i < ARRAY_SIZE(lock_chains) ? i : -2;
}

unsigned long lock_chain_count(void)
{
	return bitmap_weight(lock_chains_in_use, ARRAY_SIZE(lock_chains));
}

/* Must be called with the graph lock held. */
static struct lock_chain *alloc_lock_chain(void)
{
	int idx = find_first_zero_bit(lock_chains_in_use,
				      ARRAY_SIZE(lock_chains));

	if (unlikely(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(lock_chains)))
		return NULL;
	__set_bit(idx, lock_chains_in_use);
	return lock_chains + idx;
}

/*
 * Adds a dependency chain into chain hashtable. And must be called with
 * graph_lock held.
 *
 * Return 0 if fail, and graph_lock is released.
 * Return 1 if succeed, with graph_lock held.
 */
static inline int add_chain_cache(struct task_struct *curr,
				  struct held_lock *hlock,
				  u64 chain_key)
{
	struct lock_class *class = hlock_class(hlock);
	struct hlist_head *hash_head = chainhashentry(chain_key);
	struct lock_chain *chain;
	int i, j;

	/*
	 * The caller must hold the graph lock, ensure we've got IRQs
	 * disabled to make this an IRQ-safe lock.. for recursion reasons
	 * lockdep won't complain about its own locking errors.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return 0;

	chain = alloc_lock_chain();
	if (!chain) {
		if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
			return 0;

		print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAINS too low!");
		dump_stack();
		return 0;
	}
	chain->chain_key = chain_key;
	chain->irq_context = hlock->irq_context;
	i = get_first_held_lock(curr, hlock);
	chain->depth = curr->lockdep_depth + 1 - i;

	BUILD_BUG_ON((1UL << 24) <= ARRAY_SIZE(chain_hlocks));
	BUILD_BUG_ON((1UL << 6)  <= ARRAY_SIZE(curr->held_locks));
	BUILD_BUG_ON((1UL << 8*sizeof(chain_hlocks[0])) <= ARRAY_SIZE(lock_classes));

	if (likely(nr_chain_hlocks + chain->depth <= MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS)) {
		chain->base = nr_chain_hlocks;
		for (j = 0; j < chain->depth - 1; j++, i++) {
			int lock_id = curr->held_locks[i].class_idx - 1;
			chain_hlocks[chain->base + j] = lock_id;
		}
		chain_hlocks[chain->base + j] = class - lock_classes;
		nr_chain_hlocks += chain->depth;
	} else {
		if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock())
			return 0;

		print_lockdep_off("BUG: MAX_LOCKDEP_CHAIN_HLOCKS too low!");
		dump_stack();
		return 0;
	}

	hlist_add_head_rcu(&chain->entry, hash_head);
	debug_atomic_inc(chain_lookup_misses);
	inc_chains();

	return 1;
}

/*
 * Look up a dependency chain. Must be called with either the graph lock or
 * the RCU read lock held.
 */
static inline struct lock_chain *lookup_chain_cache(u64 chain_key)
{
	struct hlist_head *hash_head = chainhashentry(chain_key);
	struct lock_chain *chain;

	hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(chain, hash_head, entry) {
		if (READ_ONCE(chain->chain_key) == chain_key) {
			debug_atomic_inc(chain_lookup_hits);
			return chain;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * If the key is not present yet in dependency chain cache then
 * add it and return 1 - in this case the new dependency chain is
 * validated. If the key is already hashed, return 0.
 * (On return with 1 graph_lock is held.)
 */
static inline int lookup_chain_cache_add(struct task_struct *curr,
					 struct held_lock *hlock,
					 u64 chain_key)
{
	struct lock_class *class = hlock_class(hlock);
	struct lock_chain *chain = lookup_chain_cache(chain_key);

	if (chain) {
cache_hit:
		if (!check_no_collision(curr, hlock, chain))
			return 0;

		if (very_verbose(class)) {
			printk("\nhash chain already cached, key: "
					"%016Lx tail class: [%px] %s\n",
					(unsigned long long)chain_key,
					class->key, class->name);
		}

		return 0;
	}

	if (very_verbose(class)) {
		printk("\nnew hash chain, key: %016Lx tail class: [%px] %s\n",
			(unsigned long long)chain_key, class->key, class->name);
	}

	if (!graph_lock())
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We have to walk the chain again locked - to avoid duplicates:
	 */
	chain = lookup_chain_cache(chain_key);
	if (chain) {
		graph_unlock();
		goto cache_hit;
	}

	if (!add_chain_cache(curr, hlock, chain_key))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

static int validate_chain(struct task_struct *curr, struct lockdep_map *lock,
		struct held_lock *hlock, int chain_head, u64 chain_key)
{
	/*
	 * Trylock needs to maintain the stack of held locks, but it
	 * does not add new dependencies, because trylock can be done
	 * in any order.
	 *
	 * We look up the chain_key and do the O(N^2) check and update of
	 * the dependencies only if this is a new dependency chain.
	 * (If lookup_chain_cache_add() return with 1 it acquires
	 * graph_lock for us)
	 */
	if (!hlock->trylock && hlock->check &&
	    lookup_chain_cache_add(curr, hlock, chain_key)) {
		/*
		 * Check whether last held lock:
		 *
		 * - is irq-safe, if this lock is irq-unsafe
		 * - is softirq-safe, if this lock is hardirq-unsafe
		 *
		 * And check whether the new lock's dependency graph
		 * could lead back to the previous lock.
		 *
		 * any of these scenarios could lead to a deadlock. If
		 * All validations
		 */
		int ret = check_deadlock(curr, hlock, lock, hlock->read);

		if (!ret)
			return 0;
		/*
		 * Mark recursive read, as we jump over it when
		 * building dependencies (just like we jump over
		 * trylock entries):
		 */
		if (ret == 2)
			hlock->read = 2;
		/*
		 * Add dependency only if this lock is not the head
		 * of the chain, and if it's not a secondary read-lock:
		 */
		if (!chain_head && ret != 2) {
			if (!check_prevs_add(curr, hlock))
				return 0;
		}

		graph_unlock();
	} else {
		/* after lookup_chain_cache_add(): */
		if (unlikely(!debug_locks))
			return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}
#else
static inline int validate_chain(struct task_struct *curr,
	       	struct lockdep_map *lock, struct held_lock *hlock,
		int chain_head, u64 chain_key)
{
	return 1;
}
#endif

/*
 * We are building curr_chain_key incrementally, so double-check
 * it from scratch, to make sure that it's done correctly:
 */
static void check_chain_key(struct task_struct *curr)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP
	struct held_lock *hlock, *prev_hlock = NULL;
	unsigned int i;
	u64 chain_key = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < curr->lockdep_depth; i++) {
		hlock = curr->held_locks + i;
		if (chain_key != hlock->prev_chain_key) {
			debug_locks_off();
			/*
			 * We got mighty confused, our chain keys don't match
			 * with what we expect, someone trample on our task state?
			 */
			WARN(1, "hm#1, depth: %u [%u], %016Lx != %016Lx\n",
				curr->lockdep_depth, i,
				(unsigned long long)chain_key,
				(unsigned long long)hlock->prev_chain_key);
			return;
		}
		/*
		 * Whoops ran out of static storage again?
		 */
		if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(hlock->class_idx > MAX_LOCKDEP_KEYS))
			return;

		if (prev_hlock && (prev_hlock->irq_context !=
							hlock->irq_context))
			chain_key = 0;
		chain_key = iterate_chain_key(chain_key, hlock->class_idx);
		prev_hlock = hlock;
	}
	if (chain_key != curr->curr_chain_key) {
		debug_locks_off();
		/*
		 * More smoking hash instead of calculating it, damn see these
		 * numbers float.. I bet that a pink elephant stepped on my memory.
		 */
		WARN(1, "hm#2, depth: %u [%u], %016Lx != %016Lx\n",
			curr->lockdep_depth, i,
			(unsigned long long)chain_key,
			(unsigned long long)curr->curr_chain_key);
	}
#endif
}

static void
print_usage_bug_scenario(struct held_lock *lock)
{
	struct lock_class *class = hlock_class(lock);

	printk(" Possible unsafe locking scenario:\n\n");
	printk("       CPU0\n");
	printk("       ----\n");
	printk("  lock(");
	__print_lock_name(class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("  <Interrupt>\n");
	printk("    lock(");
	__print_lock_name(class);
	printk(KERN_CONT ");\n");
	printk("\n *** DEADLOCK ***\n\n");
}

static int
print_usage_bug(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
		enum lock_usage_bit prev_bit, enum lock_usage_bit new_bit)
{
	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("================================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: inconsistent lock state\n");
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("--------------------------------\n");

	pr_warn("inconsistent {%s} -> {%s} usage.\n",
		usage_str[prev_bit], usage_str[new_bit]);

	pr_warn("%s/%d [HC%u[%lu]:SC%u[%lu]:HE%u:SE%u] takes:\n",
		curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr),
		trace_hardirq_context(curr), hardirq_count() >> HARDIRQ_SHIFT,
		trace_softirq_context(curr), softirq_count() >> SOFTIRQ_SHIFT,
		trace_hardirqs_enabled(curr),
		trace_softirqs_enabled(curr));
	print_lock(this);

	pr_warn("{%s} state was registered at:\n", usage_str[prev_bit]);
	print_stack_trace(hlock_class(this)->usage_traces + prev_bit, 1);

	print_irqtrace_events(curr);
	pr_warn("\nother info that might help us debug this:\n");
	print_usage_bug_scenario(this);

	lockdep_print_held_locks(curr);

	pr_warn("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Print out an error if an invalid bit is set:
 */
static inline int
valid_state(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
	    enum lock_usage_bit new_bit, enum lock_usage_bit bad_bit)
{
	if (unlikely(hlock_class(this)->usage_mask & (1 << bad_bit)))
		return print_usage_bug(curr, this, bad_bit, new_bit);
	return 1;
}

static int mark_lock(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
		     enum lock_usage_bit new_bit);

#if defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS) && defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING)

/*
 * print irq inversion bug:
 */
static int
print_irq_inversion_bug(struct task_struct *curr,
			struct lock_list *root, struct lock_list *other,
			struct held_lock *this, int forwards,
			const char *irqclass)
{
	struct lock_list *entry = other;
	struct lock_list *middle = NULL;
	int depth;

	if (!debug_locks_off_graph_unlock() || debug_locks_silent)
		return 0;

	pr_warn("\n");
	pr_warn("========================================================\n");
	pr_warn("WARNING: possible irq lock inversion dependency detected\n");
	print_kernel_ident();
	pr_warn("--------------------------------------------------------\n");
	pr_warn("%s/%d just changed the state of lock:\n",
		curr->comm, task_pid_nr(curr));
	print_lock(this);
	if (forwards)
		pr_warn("but this lock took another, %s-unsafe lock in the past:\n", irqclass);
	else
		pr_warn("but this lock was taken by another, %s-safe lock in the past:\n", irqclass);
	print_lock_name(other->class);
	pr_warn("\n\nand interrupts could create inverse lock ordering between them.\n\n");

	pr_warn("\nother info that might help us debug this:\n");

	/* Find a middle lock (if one exists) */
	depth = get_lock_depth(other);
	do {
		if (depth == 0 && (entry != root)) {
			pr_warn("lockdep:%s bad path found in chain graph\n", __func__);
			break;
		}
		middle = entry;
		entry = get_lock_parent(entry);
		depth--;
	} while (entry && entry != root && (depth >= 0));
	if (forwards)
		print_irq_lock_scenario(root, other,
			middle ? middle->class : root->class, other->class);
	else
		print_irq_lock_scenario(other, root,
			middle ? middle->class : other->class, root->class);

	lockdep_print_held_locks(curr);

	pr_warn("\nthe shortest dependencies between 2nd lock and 1st lock:\n");
	if (!save_trace(&root->trace))
		return 0;
	print_shortest_lock_dependencies(other, root);

	pr_warn("\nstack backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Prove that in the forwards-direction subgraph starting at <this>
 * there is no lock matching <mask>:
 */
static int
check_usage_forwards(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
		     enum lock_usage_bit bit, const char *irqclass)
{
	int ret;
	struct lock_list root;
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);

	root.parent = NULL;
	root.class = hlock_class(this);
	ret = find_usage_forwards(&root, bit, &target_entry);
	if (ret < 0)
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);
	if (ret == 1)
		return ret;

	return print_irq_inversion_bug(curr, &root, target_entry,
					this, 1, irqclass);
}

/*
 * Prove that in the backwards-direction subgraph starting at <this>
 * there is no lock matching <mask>:
 */
static int
check_usage_backwards(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
		      enum lock_usage_bit bit, const char *irqclass)
{
	int ret;
	struct lock_list root;
	struct lock_list *uninitialized_var(target_entry);

	root.parent = NULL;
	root.class = hlock_class(this);
	ret = find_usage_backwards(&root, bit, &target_entry);
	if (ret < 0)
		return print_bfs_bug(ret);
	if (ret == 1)
		return ret;

	return print_irq_inversion_bug(curr, &root, target_entry,
					this, 0, irqclass);
}

void print_irqtrace_events(struct task_struct *curr)
{
	printk("irq event stamp: %u\n", curr->irq_events);
	printk("hardirqs last  enabled at (%u): [<%px>] %pS\n",
		curr->hardirq_enable_event, (void *)curr->hardirq_enable_ip,
		(void *)curr->hardirq_enable_ip);
	printk("hardirqs last disabled at (%u): [<%px>] %pS\n",
		curr->hardirq_disable_event, (void *)curr->hardirq_disable_ip,
		(void *)curr->hardirq_disable_ip);
	printk("softirqs last  enabled at (%u): [<%px>] %pS\n",
		curr->softirq_enable_event, (void *)curr->softirq_enable_ip,
		(void *)curr->softirq_enable_ip);
	printk("softirqs last disabled at (%u): [<%px>] %pS\n",
		curr->softirq_disable_event, (void *)curr->softirq_disable_ip,
		(void *)curr->softirq_disable_ip);
}

static int HARDIRQ_verbose(struct lock_class *class)
{
#if HARDIRQ_VERBOSE
	return class_filter(class);
#endif
	return 0;
}

static int SOFTIRQ_verbose(struct lock_class *class)
{
#if SOFTIRQ_VERBOSE
	return class_filter(class);
#endif
	return 0;
}

#define STRICT_READ_CHECKS	1

static int (*state_verbose_f[])(struct lock_class *class) = {
#define LOCKDEP_STATE(__STATE) \
	__STATE##_verbose,
#include "lockdep_states.h"
#undef LOCKDEP_STATE
};

static inline int state_verbose(enum lock_usage_bit bit,
				struct lock_class *class)
{
	return state_verbose_f[bit >> 2](class);
}

typedef int (*check_usage_f)(struct task_struct *, struct held_lock *,
			     enum lock_usage_bit bit, const char *name);

static int
mark_lock_irq(struct task_struct *curr, struct held_lock *this,
		enum lock_usage_bit new_bit)
{
	int excl_bit = exclusive_bit(new_bit);
	int read = new_bit & LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK;
	int dir = new_bit & LOCK_USAGE_DIR_MASK;

	/*
	 * mark USED_IN has to look forwards -- to ensure no dependency
	 * has ENABLED state, which would allow recursion deadlocks.
	 *
	 * mark ENABLED has to look backwards -- to ensure no dependee
	 * has USED_IN state, which, again, would allow  recursion deadlocks.
	 */
	check_usage_f usage = dir ?
		check_usage_backwards : check_usage_forwards;

	/*
	 * Validate that this particular lock does not have conflicting
	 * usage states.
	 */
	if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, excl_bit))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Validate that the lock dependencies don't have conflicting usage
	 * states.
	 */
	if ((!read || !dir || STRICT_READ_CHECKS) &&
			!usage(curr, this, excl_bit, state_name(new_bit & ~LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK)))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Check for read in write conflicts
	 */
	if (!read) {
		if (!valid_state(curr, this, new_bit, excl_bit + LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK))
			return 0;

		if (STRICT_READ_CHECKS &&
			!usage(curr, this, excl_bit + LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK,
				state_name(new_bit + LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK)))
			return 0;
	}

	if (state_verbose(new_bit, hlock_class(this)))
		return 2;

	return 1;
}

/*
 * Mark all held locks with a usage bit:
 */
static int
mark_held_locks(struct task_struct *curr, enum lock_usage_bit base_bit)
{
	struct held_lock *hlock;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < curr->lockdep_depth; i++) {
		enum lock_usage_bit hlock_bit = base_bit;
		hlock = curr->held_locks + i;

		if (hlock->read)
			hlock_bit += LOCK_USAGE_READ_MASK;

		BUG_ON(hlock_bit >= LOCK_USAGE_STATES);

		if (!hlock->check)
			continue;

		if (!mark_lock(curr, hlock, hlock_bit))
			return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

/*
 * Hardirqs will be enabled:
 */
static void __trace_hardirqs_on_caller(unsigned long ip)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	/* we'll do an OFF -> ON transition: */
	curr->hardirqs_enabled = 1;

	/*
	 * We are going to turn hardirqs on, so set the
	 * usage bit for all held locks:
	 */
	if (!mark_held_locks(curr, LOCK_ENABLED_HARDIRQ))
		return;
	/*
	 * If we have softirqs enabled, then set the usage
	 * bit for all held locks. (disabled hardirqs prevented
	 * this bit from being set before)
	 */
	if (curr->softirqs_enabled)
		if (!mark_held_locks(curr, LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQ))
			return;

	curr->hardirq_enable_ip = ip;
	curr->hardirq_enable_event = ++curr->irq_events;
	debug_atomic_inc(hardirqs_on_events);
}

void lockdep_hardirqs_on(unsigned long ip)
{
	if (unlikely(!debug_locks || current->lockdep_recursion))
		return;

	if (unlikely(current->hardirqs_enabled)) {
		/*
		 * Neither irq nor preemption are disabled here
		 * so this is racy by nature but losing one hit
		 * in a stat is not a big deal.
		 */
		__debug_atomic_inc(redundant_hardirqs_on);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * We're enabling irqs and according to our state above irqs weren't
	 * already enabled, yet we find the hardware thinks they are in fact
	 * enabled.. someone messed up their IRQ state tracing.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return;

	/*
	 * See the fine text that goes along with this variable definition.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(unlikely(early_boot_irqs_disabled)))
		return;

	/*
	 * Can't allow enabling interrupts while in an interrupt handler,
	 * that's general bad form and such. Recursion, limited stack etc..
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(current->hardirq_context))
		return;

	current->lockdep_recursion = 1;
	__trace_hardirqs_on_caller(ip);
	current->lockdep_recursion = 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(lockdep_hardirqs_on);

/*
 * Hardirqs were disabled:
 */
void lockdep_hardirqs_off(unsigned long ip)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	if (unlikely(!debug_locks || current->lockdep_recursion))
		return;

	/*
	 * So we're supposed to get called after you mask local IRQs, but for
	 * some reason the hardware doesn't quite think you did a proper job.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return;

	if (curr->hardirqs_enabled) {
		/*
		 * We have done an ON -> OFF transition:
		 */
		curr->hardirqs_enabled = 0;
		curr->hardirq_disable_ip = ip;
		curr->hardirq_disable_event = ++curr->irq_events;
		debug_atomic_inc(hardirqs_off_events);
	} else
		debug_atomic_inc(redundant_hardirqs_off);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(lockdep_hardirqs_off);

/*
 * Softirqs will be enabled:
 */
void trace_softirqs_on(unsigned long ip)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	if (unlikely(!debug_locks || current->lockdep_recursion))
		return;

	/*
	 * We fancy IRQs being disabled here, see softirq.c, avoids
	 * funny state and nesting things.
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return;

	if (curr->softirqs_enabled) {
		debug_atomic_inc(redundant_softirqs_on);
		return;
	}

	current->lockdep_recursion = 1;
	/*
	 * We'll do an OFF -> ON transition:
	 */
	curr->softirqs_enabled = 1;
	curr->softirq_enable_ip = ip;
	curr->softirq_enable_event = ++curr->irq_events;
	debug_atomic_inc(softirqs_on_events);
	/*
	 * We are going to turn softirqs on, so set the
	 * usage bit for all held locks, if hardirqs are
	 * enabled too:
	 */
	if (curr->hardirqs_enabled)
		mark_held_locks(curr, LOCK_ENABLED_SOFTIRQ);
	current->lockdep_recursion = 0;
}

/*
 * Softirqs were disabled:
 */
void trace_softirqs_off(unsigned long ip)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current;

	if (unlikely(!debug_locks || current->lockdep_recursion))
		return;

	/*
	 * We fancy IRQs being disabled here, see softirq.c
	 */
	if (DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()))
		return;

	if (curr->softirqs_enabled) {
		/*
		 * We have done an ON -> OFF transition:
		 */
		curr->softirqs_enabled = 0;
		curr->softirq_disable_ip = ip;
		curr->softirq_disable_event = ++curr->irq_events;
		debug_atomic_inc(softirqs_off_events);
		/*
		 * Whoops, we wanted softirqs off, so why aren't they?
		 */