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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* fs/proc/kcore.c kernel ELF core dumper
*
* Modelled on fs/exec.c:aout_core_dump()
* Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@sw.oz.au>
* ELF version written by David Howells <David.Howells@nexor.co.uk>
* Modified and incorporated into 2.3.x by Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
* Support to dump vmalloc'd areas (ELF only), Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
* Safe accesses to vmalloc/direct-mapped discontiguous areas, Kanoj Sarcar <kanoj@sgi.com>
*/
#include <linux/crash_core.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/kcore.h>
#include <linux/user.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <linux/elfcore.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include "internal.h"
#define CORE_STR "CORE"
#ifndef ELF_CORE_EFLAGS
#define ELF_CORE_EFLAGS 0
#endif
static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_root_kcore;
#ifndef kc_vaddr_to_offset
#define kc_vaddr_to_offset(v) ((v) - PAGE_OFFSET)
#endif
#ifndef kc_offset_to_vaddr
#define kc_offset_to_vaddr(o) ((o) + PAGE_OFFSET)
#endif
static LIST_HEAD(kclist_head);
static DECLARE_RWSEM(kclist_lock);
static int kcore_need_update = 1;
/* This doesn't grab kclist_lock, so it should only be used at init time. */
void __init kclist_add(struct kcore_list *new, void *addr, size_t size,
int type)
{
new->addr = (unsigned long)addr;
new->size = size;
new->type = type;
list_add_tail(&new->list, &kclist_head);
}
static size_t get_kcore_size(int *nphdr, size_t *phdrs_len, size_t *notes_len,
size_t *data_offset)
{
size_t try, size;
struct kcore_list *m;
*nphdr = 1; /* PT_NOTE */
size = 0;
list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) {
try = kc_vaddr_to_offset((size_t)m->addr + m->size);
if (try > size)
size = try;
*nphdr = *nphdr + 1;
}
*phdrs_len = *nphdr * sizeof(struct elf_phdr);
*notes_len = (4 * sizeof(struct elf_note) +
3 * ALIGN(sizeof(CORE_STR), 4) +
VMCOREINFO_NOTE_NAME_BYTES +
ALIGN(sizeof(struct elf_prstatus), 4) +
ALIGN(sizeof(struct elf_prpsinfo), 4) +
ALIGN(arch_task_struct_size, 4) +
ALIGN(vmcoreinfo_size, 4));
*data_offset = PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct elfhdr) + *phdrs_len +
*notes_len);
return *data_offset + size;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
/*
* If no highmem, we can assume [0...max_low_pfn) continuous range of memory
* because memory hole is not as big as !HIGHMEM case.
* (HIGHMEM is special because part of memory is _invisible_ from the kernel.)
*/
static int kcore_ram_list(struct list_head *head)
{
struct kcore_list *ent;
ent = kmalloc(sizeof(*ent), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ent)
return -ENOMEM;
ent->addr = (unsigned long)__va(0);
ent->size = max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
ent->type = KCORE_RAM;
list_add(&ent->list, head);
return 0;
}
#else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
/* calculate vmemmap's address from given system ram pfn and register it */
static int
get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(struct kcore_list *ent, struct list_head *head)
{
unsigned long pfn = __pa(ent->addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long nr_pages = ent->size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long start, end;
struct kcore_list *vmm, *tmp;
start = ((unsigned long)pfn_to_page(pfn)) & PAGE_MASK;
end = ((unsigned long)pfn_to_page(pfn + nr_pages)) - 1;
end = PAGE_ALIGN(end);
/* overlap check (because we have to align page */
list_for_each_entry(tmp, head, list) {
if (tmp->type != KCORE_VMEMMAP)
continue;
if (start < tmp->addr + tmp->size)
if (end > tmp->addr)
end = tmp->addr;
}
if (start < end) {
vmm = kmalloc(sizeof(*vmm), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!vmm)
return 0;
vmm->addr = start;
vmm->size = end - start;
vmm->type = KCORE_VMEMMAP;
list_add_tail(&vmm->list, head);
}
return 1;
}
#else
static int
get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(struct kcore_list *ent, struct list_head *head)
{
return 1;
}
#endif
static int
kclist_add_private(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, void *arg)
{
struct list_head *head = (struct list_head *)arg;
struct kcore_list *ent;
struct page *p;
if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
return 1;
p = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (!memmap_valid_within(pfn, p, page_zone(p)))
return 1;
ent = kmalloc(sizeof(*ent), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ent)
return -ENOMEM;
ent->addr = (unsigned long)page_to_virt(p);
ent->size = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (!virt_addr_valid(ent->addr))
goto free_out;
/* cut not-mapped area. ....from ppc-32 code. */
if (ULONG_MAX - ent->addr < ent->size)
ent->size = ULONG_MAX - ent->addr;
/*
* We've already checked virt_addr_valid so we know this address
* is a valid pointer, therefore we can check against it to determine
* if we need to trim
*/
if (VMALLOC_START > ent->addr) {
if (VMALLOC_START - ent->addr < ent->size)
ent->size = VMALLOC_START - ent->addr;
}
ent->type = KCORE_RAM;
list_add_tail(&ent->list, head);
if (!get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(ent, head)) {
list_del(&ent->list);
goto free_out;
}
return 0;
free_out:
kfree(ent);
return 1;
}
static int kcore_ram_list(struct list_head *list)
{
int nid, ret;
unsigned long end_pfn;
/* Not inialized....update now */
/* find out "max pfn" */
end_pfn = 0;
for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
unsigned long node_end;
node_end = node_end_pfn(nid);
if (end_pfn < node_end)
end_pfn = node_end;
}
/* scan 0 to max_pfn */
ret = walk_system_ram_range(0, end_pfn, list, kclist_add_private);
if (ret)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
static int kcore_update_ram(void)
{
LIST_HEAD(list);
LIST_HEAD(garbage);
int nphdr;
size_t phdrs_len, notes_len, data_offset;
struct kcore_list *tmp, *pos;
int ret = 0;
down_write(&kclist_lock);
if (!xchg(&kcore_need_update, 0))
goto out;
ret = kcore_ram_list(&list);
if (ret) {
/* Couldn't get the RAM list, try again next time. */
WRITE_ONCE(kcore_need_update, 1);
list_splice_tail(&list, &garbage);
goto out;
}
list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, tmp, &kclist_head, list) {
if (pos->type == KCORE_RAM || pos->type == KCORE_VMEMMAP)
list_move(&pos->list, &garbage);
}
list_splice_tail(&list, &kclist_head);
proc_root_kcore->size = get_kcore_size(&nphdr, &phdrs_len, &notes_len,
&data_offset);
out:
up_write(&kclist_lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, tmp, &garbage, list) {
list_del(&pos->list);
kfree(pos);
}
return ret;
}
static void append_kcore_note(char *notes, size_t *i, const char *name,
unsigned int type, const void *desc,
size_t descsz)
{
struct elf_note *note = (struct elf_note *)&notes[*i];
note->n_namesz = strlen(name) + 1;
note->n_descsz = descsz;
note->n_type = type;
*i += sizeof(*note);
memcpy(&notes[*i], name, note->n_namesz);
*i = ALIGN(*i + note->n_namesz, 4);
memcpy(&notes[*i], desc, descsz);
*i = ALIGN(*i + descsz, 4);
}
static ssize_t
read_kcore(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t buflen, loff_t *fpos)
{
char *buf = file->private_data;
size_t phdrs_offset, notes_offset, data_offset;
size_t phdrs_len, notes_len;
struct kcore_list *m;
size_t tsz;
int nphdr;
unsigned long start;
size_t orig_buflen = buflen;
int ret = 0;
down_read(&kclist_lock);
get_kcore_size(&nphdr, &phdrs_len, &notes_len, &data_offset);
phdrs_offset = sizeof(struct elfhdr);
notes_offset = phdrs_offset + phdrs_len;
/* ELF file header. */
if (buflen && *fpos < sizeof(struct elfhdr)) {
struct elfhdr ehdr = {
.e_ident = {
[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0,
[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1,
[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2,
[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3,
[EI_CLASS] = ELF_CLASS,
[EI_DATA] = ELF_DATA,
[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT,
[EI_OSABI] = ELF_OSABI,
},
.e_type = ET_CORE,
.e_machine = ELF_ARCH,
.e_version = EV_CURRENT,
.e_phoff = sizeof(struct elfhdr),
.e_flags = ELF_CORE_EFLAGS,
.e_ehsize = sizeof(struct elfhdr),
.e_phentsize = sizeof(struct elf_phdr),
.e_phnum = nphdr,
};
tsz = min_t(size_t, buflen, sizeof(struct elfhdr) - *fpos);
if (copy_to_user(buffer, (char *)&ehdr + *fpos, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
buffer += tsz;
buflen -= tsz;
*fpos += tsz;
}
/* ELF program headers. */
if (buflen && *fpos < phdrs_offset + phdrs_len) {
struct elf_phdr *phdrs, *phdr;
phdrs = kzalloc(phdrs_len, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!phdrs) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
phdrs[0].p_type = PT_NOTE;
phdrs[0].p_offset = notes_offset;
phdrs[0].p_filesz = notes_len;
phdr = &phdrs[1];
list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) {
phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD;
phdr->p_flags = PF_R | PF_W | PF_X;
phdr->p_offset = kc_vaddr_to_offset(m->addr) + data_offset;
if (m->type == KCORE_REMAP)
phdr->p_vaddr = (size_t)m->vaddr;
else
phdr->p_vaddr = (size_t)m->addr;
if (m->type == KCORE_RAM || m->type == KCORE_REMAP)
phdr->p_paddr = __pa(m->addr);
else if (m->type == KCORE_TEXT)
phdr->p_paddr = __pa_symbol(m->addr);
else
phdr->p_paddr = (elf_addr_t)-1;
phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = m->size;
phdr->p_align = PAGE_SIZE;
phdr++;
}
tsz = min_t(size_t, buflen, phdrs_offset + phdrs_len - *fpos);
if (copy_to_user(buffer, (char *)phdrs + *fpos - phdrs_offset,
tsz)) {
kfree(phdrs);
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
kfree(phdrs);
buffer += tsz;
buflen -= tsz;
*fpos += tsz;
}
/* ELF note segment. */
if (buflen && *fpos < notes_offset + notes_len) {
struct elf_prstatus prstatus = {};
struct elf_prpsinfo prpsinfo = {
.pr_sname = 'R',
.pr_fname = "vmlinux",
};
char *notes;
size_t i = 0;
strlcpy(prpsinfo.pr_psargs, saved_command_line,
sizeof(prpsinfo.pr_psargs));
notes = kzalloc(notes_len, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!notes) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
append_kcore_note(notes, &i, CORE_STR, NT_PRSTATUS, &prstatus,
sizeof(prstatus));
append_kcore_note(notes, &i, CORE_STR, NT_PRPSINFO, &prpsinfo,
sizeof(prpsinfo));
append_kcore_note(notes, &i, CORE_STR, NT_TASKSTRUCT, current,
arch_task_struct_size);
/*
* vmcoreinfo_size is mostly constant after init time, but it
* can be changed by crash_save_vmcoreinfo(). Racing here with a
* panic on another CPU before the machine goes down is insanely
* unlikely, but it's better to not leave potential buffer
* overflows lying around, regardless.
*/
append_kcore_note(notes, &i, VMCOREINFO_NOTE_NAME, 0,
vmcoreinfo_data,
min(vmcoreinfo_size, notes_len - i));
tsz = min_t(size_t, buflen, notes_offset + notes_len - *fpos);
if (copy_to_user(buffer, notes + *fpos - notes_offset, tsz)) {
kfree(notes);
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
kfree(notes);
buffer += tsz;
buflen -= tsz;
*fpos += tsz;
}
/*
* Check to see if our file offset matches with any of
* the addresses in the elf_phdr on our list.
*/
start = kc_offset_to_vaddr(*fpos - data_offset);
if ((tsz = (PAGE_SIZE - (start & ~PAGE_MASK))) > buflen)
tsz = buflen;
m = NULL;
while (buflen) {
/*
* If this is the first iteration or the address is not within
* the previous entry, search for a matching entry.
*/
if (!m || start < m->addr || start >= m->addr + m->size) {
list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) {
if (start >= m->addr &&
start < m->addr + m->size)
break;
}
}
if (&m->list == &kclist_head) {
if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
} else if (m->type == KCORE_VMALLOC) {
vread(buf, (char *)start, tsz);
/* we have to zero-fill user buffer even if no read */
if (copy_to_user(buffer, buf, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
} else if (m->type == KCORE_USER) {
/* User page is handled prior to normal kernel page: */
if (copy_to_user(buffer, (char *)start, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
} else {
if (kern_addr_valid(start)) {
/*
* Using bounce buffer to bypass the
* hardened user copy kernel text checks.
*/
if (probe_kernel_read(buf, (void *) start, tsz)) {
if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
} else {
if (copy_to_user(buffer, buf, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
}
} else {
if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
}
}
buflen -= tsz;
*fpos += tsz;
buffer += tsz;
start += tsz;
tsz = (buflen > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : buflen);
}
out:
up_read(&kclist_lock);
if (ret)
return ret;
return orig_buflen - buflen;
}
static int open_kcore(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO))
return -EPERM;
filp->private_data = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!filp->private_data)
return -ENOMEM;
if (kcore_need_update)
kcore_update_ram();
if (i_size_read(inode) != proc_root_kcore->size) {
inode_lock(inode);
i_size_write(inode, proc_root_kcore->size);
inode_unlock(inode);
}
return 0;
}
static int release_kcore(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
kfree(file->private_data);
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations proc_kcore_operations = {
.read = read_kcore,
.open = open_kcore,
.release = release_kcore,
.llseek = default_llseek,
};
/* just remember that we have to update kcore */
static int __meminit kcore_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
unsigned long action, void *arg)
{
switch (action) {
case MEM_ONLINE:
case MEM_OFFLINE:
kcore_need_update = 1;
break;
}
return NOTIFY_OK;
}
static struct notifier_block kcore_callback_nb __meminitdata = {
.notifier_call = kcore_callback,
.priority = 0,
};
static struct kcore_list kcore_vmalloc;
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_PROC_KCORE_TEXT
static struct kcore_list kcore_text;
/*
* If defined, special segment is used for mapping kernel text instead of
* direct-map area. We need to create special TEXT section.
*/
static void __init proc_kcore_text_init(void)
{
kclist_add(&kcore_text, _text, _end - _text, KCORE_TEXT);
}
#else
static void __init proc_kcore_text_init(void)
{
}
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MODULES) && defined(MODULES_VADDR)
/*
* MODULES_VADDR has no intersection with VMALLOC_ADDR.
*/
struct kcore_list kcore_modules;
static void __init add_modules_range(void)
{
if (MODULES_VADDR != VMALLOC_START && MODULES_END != VMALLOC_END) {
kclist_add(&kcore_modules, (void *)MODULES_VADDR,
MODULES_END - MODULES_VADDR, KCORE_VMALLOC);
}
}
#else
static void __init add_modules_range(void)
{
}
#endif
static int __init proc_kcore_init(void)
{
proc_root_kcore = proc_create("kcore", S_IRUSR, NULL,
&proc_kcore_operations);
if (!proc_root_kcore) {
pr_err("couldn't create /proc/kcore\n");
return 0; /* Always returns 0. */
}
/* Store text area if it's special */
proc_kcore_text_init();
/* Store vmalloc area */
kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START,
VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START, KCORE_VMALLOC);
add_modules_range();
/* Store direct-map area from physical memory map */
kcore_update_ram();
register_hotmemory_notifier(&kcore_callback_nb);
return 0;
}
fs_initcall(proc_kcore_init);