| .. _kernel_docs: |
| |
| Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel |
| ============================================================================================= |
| |
| Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <jmseyas@dit.upm.es> |
| |
| The need for a document like this one became apparent in the |
| linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers |
| to information, appeared again and again. |
| |
| Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more |
| get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always |
| enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the |
| philosophy and design decisions behind this code. |
| |
| Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to |
| start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which |
| kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents |
| available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference |
| books are also mentioned. |
| |
| PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document, |
| send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any |
| corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed. |
| |
| The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are |
| cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the |
| "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful |
| when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the |
| Document. |
| |
| Enjoy! |
| |
| .. note:: |
| |
| The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its |
| published date, from the newest to the oldest. |
| |
| Docs at the Linux Kernel tree |
| ----------------------------- |
| |
| The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``. |
| |
| * Name: **linux/Documentation** |
| |
| :Author: Many. |
| :Location: Documentation/ |
| :Keywords: text files, Sphinx. |
| :Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources, |
| inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document |
| (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might |
| be more up to date than the web version. |
| |
| On-line docs |
| ------------ |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary** |
| |
| :Author: various |
| :URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary |
| :Date: rolling version |
| :Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel. |
| :Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as |
| a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear |
| during discussion of the Linux kernel". |
| |
| * Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel** |
| |
| :Author: Richard Sailer |
| :URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper |
| :Date: 2016 |
| :Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace |
| :Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for |
| understanding linux kernel internals, |
| illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel. |
| :Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework |
| as a tool to understand a running Linux system. |
| Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand |
| source code more determined and with context. |
| In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing |
| and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel. |
| Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual |
| exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.* |
| |
| * Title: **On submitting kernel Patches** |
| |
| :Author: Andi Kleen |
| :URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf |
| :Date: 2008 |
| :Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies |
| :Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches |
| there are and how likley they get merged. |
| :Abstract: |
| [...]. This paper examines some common problems for |
| submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition** |
| |
| :Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman |
| :URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ |
| :Date: 2005 |
| :Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver |
| programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the |
| Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license. |
| :note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`. |
| |
| * Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver** |
| |
| :Author: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> |
| :URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html |
| :Date: 2005 |
| :Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware. |
| :Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers, |
| both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel |
| sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide** |
| |
| :Author: David Hinds. |
| :URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html |
| :Date: 2003 |
| :Keywords: PCMCIA. |
| :Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device |
| drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also |
| describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with |
| Card Services. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide** |
| |
| :Author: Ori Pomerantz. |
| :URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html |
| :Date: 2001 |
| :Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls, |
| interrupt handlers . |
| :Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules |
| programming. Lots of examples. |
| |
| * Title: **Global spinlock list and usage** |
| |
| :Author: Rick Lindsley. |
| :URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock |
| :Date: 2001 |
| :Keywords: spinlock. |
| :Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and |
| usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive |
| list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions |
| access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it |
| is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held... |
| |
| * Title: **A Linux vm README** |
| |
| :Author: Kanoj Sarcar. |
| :URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html |
| :Date: 2001 |
| :Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page |
| cache, swap cache, kswapd. |
| :Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions |
| relating the Linux virtual memory implementation. |
| |
| * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406 |
| :Date: 2000 |
| :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, |
| camera driver. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429 |
| :Date: 2000 |
| :Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, |
| camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.** |
| |
| :Author: Glenn Herrin. |
| :URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin |
| :Date: 2000 |
| :Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection, |
| socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets, |
| modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags. |
| :Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking, |
| explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space |
| configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of |
| the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps |
| packets follow from the time they are received at the network |
| device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel |
| code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet |
| dropper example. |
| |
| * Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh** |
| |
| :Author: Paul Mackerras. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **More on Mouse Drivers** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O. |
| :Description: The title still says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381 |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices. |
| :Description: The title says it all. |
| |
| * Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux** |
| |
| :Author: Richard Gooch. |
| :URL: http://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness |
| event queues. |
| :Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about |
| how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of |
| open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your |
| application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active |
| (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you |
| want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of |
| inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage". |
| |
| * Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.** |
| |
| :Author: pragmatic/THC. |
| :URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html |
| :Date: 1999 |
| :Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table. |
| :Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in |
| order to intercept and modify syscalls, make |
| files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys, |
| write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to |
| avoid all those abuses. |
| :Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x |
| kernels. |
| |
| * Name: **Linux Virtual File System** |
| |
| :Author: Peter J. Braam. |
| :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/ |
| :Date: 1998 |
| :Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache. |
| :Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the |
| Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the |
| dcache. |
| |
| * Title: **The Venus kernel interface** |
| |
| :Author: Peter J. Braam. |
| :URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html |
| :Date: 1998 |
| :Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager. |
| :Description: "This document describes the communication between |
| Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation |
| of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe |
| the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we |
| envisage". |
| |
| * Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem** |
| |
| :Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie. |
| :URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html |
| :Date: 1998 |
| :Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices, |
| VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library, |
| ext2fs tools, e2fsck. |
| :Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers. |
| Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features, |
| design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks, |
| e2fsck's passes description... A must read! |
| :Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the |
| First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9. |
| |
| * Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code** |
| |
| :Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391 |
| :Date: 1997 |
| :Keywords: RAID, MD driver. |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its |
| :Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1, |
| RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the |
| Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable, |
| secondary-storage capability using software*. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide** |
| |
| :Author: Michael K. Johnson. |
| :URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html |
| :Date: 1997 |
| :Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs |
| block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory, |
| memory allocation, timers. |
| :Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the |
| concepts that are not intuitevly obvious, and to document the internal |
| structures of Linux. |
| |
| * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers** |
| |
| :Author: Alessandro Rubini. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules, |
| allocating resources. |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its |
| :Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles |
| co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present |
| a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel |
| loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the |
| topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's |
| installment*. |
| |
| * Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery** |
| |
| :Author: Alessandro Rubini. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module, |
| autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations, |
| open(), close(). |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its |
| :Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of |
| the actual code to create custom module implementing a character |
| device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and |
| cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*. |
| |
| * Title: **The Devil's in the Details** |
| |
| :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non |
| blocking mode, interrupt handler. |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its |
| :Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character |
| device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using |
| ioctl-calls*. |
| |
| * Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA** |
| |
| :Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues. |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is its |
| :Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about |
| writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This |
| month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling. |
| Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and |
| constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver |
| writing, and several different facilities have been provided for |
| different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of |
| DMA*. |
| |
| * Title: **Device Drivers Concluded** |
| |
| :Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management, |
| demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap, |
| virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI. |
| :Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles |
| series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of |
| five articles about character device drivers. In this final |
| section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with |
| an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts". |
| |
| * Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management** |
| |
| :Author: Alan Cox. |
| :URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312 |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer |
| variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive, |
| configuration, multicast. |
| :Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner. |
| :Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally |
| simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the |
| hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*. |
| |
| * Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure** |
| |
| :Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau. |
| :URL: http://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/ |
| :Date: 1994 |
| :Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs. |
| :Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes, |
| bitmaps, invariants... |
| |
| Published books |
| --------------- |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln** |
| |
| :Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst |
| :Publisher: dpunkt.verlag |
| :Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition) |
| :Pages: 688 |
| :ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8 |
| :Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is |
| much cheaper and still quite up-to-date. |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory** |
| |
| :Author: Rami Rosen |
| :Publisher: Apress |
| :Date: December 22, 2013 |
| :Pages: 648 |
| :ISBN: 978-1430261964 |
| |
| * Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition** |
| |
| :Author: Christopher Hallinan |
| :Publisher: Pearson |
| :Date: November, 2010 |
| :Pages: 656 |
| :ISBN: 978-0137017836 |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition** |
| |
| :Author: Robert Love |
| :Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
| :Date: July, 2010 |
| :Pages: 440 |
| :ISBN: 978-0672329463 |
| |
| * Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers** |
| |
| :Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran |
| :Published: Prentice Hall |
| :Date: April, 2008 |
| :Pages: 744 |
| :ISBN: 978-0132396554 |
| |
| .. _ldd3_published: |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition** |
| |
| :Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman |
| :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates |
| :Date: 2005 |
| :Pages: 636 |
| :ISBN: 0-596-00590-3 |
| :Notes: Further information in |
| http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/ |
| PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ |
| |
| * Title: **Linux Kernel Internals** |
| |
| :Author: Michael Beck |
| :Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
| :Date: 1997 |
| :ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition) |
| |
| * Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau** |
| |
| :Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel |
| :Publisher: Eyrolles |
| :Date: 1997 |
| :Pages: 520 |
| :ISBN: 2-212-08932-5 |
| :Notes: French |
| |
| * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System** |
| |
| :Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels, |
| John S. Quarterman |
| :Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :ISBN: 0-201-54979-4 |
| |
| * Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers** |
| |
| :Author: Uresh Vahalia |
| :Publisher: Prentice Hall |
| :Date: 1996 |
| :Pages: 600 |
| :ISBN: 0-13-101908-2 |
| |
| * Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4** |
| |
| :Author: Bill O. Gallmeister |
| :Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc |
| :Date: 1995 |
| :Pages: 552 |
| :ISBN: I-56592-074-0 |
| :Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be |
| POSIX. Good reference. |
| |
| * Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers** |
| |
| :Author: Curt Schimmel |
| :Publisher: Addison Wesley |
| :Date: June, 1994 |
| :Pages: 432 |
| :ISBN: 0-201-63338-8 |
| |
| * Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System** |
| |
| :Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J |
| Karels, John S. Quarterman |
| :Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
| :Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990) |
| :ISBN: 0-201-06196-1 |
| |
| * Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System** |
| |
| :Author: Maurice J. Bach |
| :Publisher: Prentice Hall |
| :Date: 1986 |
| :Pages: 471 |
| :ISBN: 0-13-201757-1 |
| |
| Miscellaneous |
| ------------- |
| |
| * Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux** |
| |
| :URL: https://elixir.bootlin.com/ |
| :Keywords: Browsing source code. |
| :Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser. |
| Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see |
| where they are defined and where they are used. |
| |
| * Name: **Linux Weekly News** |
| |
| :URL: http://lwn.net |
| :Keywords: latest kernel news. |
| :Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section |
| summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions |
| produced during the week. Published every Thursday. |
| |
| * Name: **The home page of Linux-MM** |
| |
| :Author: The Linux-MM team. |
| :URL: http://linux-mm.org/ |
| :Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs, |
| mailing list. |
| :Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development. |
| Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss |
| it if you are interested in memory management development! |
| |
| * Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website** |
| |
| :URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org |
| :Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts. |
| :Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net. |
| #kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie' |
| kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are |
| learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or |
| professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel |
| people. |
| #kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network. |
| Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies. |
| The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs... |
| |
| * Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines** |
| |
| :URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html |
| :URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html |
| :URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel |
| :Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search. |
| :Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If |
| you have a better/another one, please let me know. |
| |
| ------- |
| |
| Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20 |
| |
| This document is based on: |
| http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html |
