| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> | |
| <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" | |
| "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []> | |
| <book id="LinuxKernelAPI"> | |
| <bookinfo> | |
| <title>The Linux Kernel API</title> | |
| <legalnotice> | |
| <para> | |
| This documentation is free software; you can redistribute | |
| it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public | |
| License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either | |
| version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later | |
| version. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| This program is distributed in the hope that it will be | |
| useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied | |
| warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | |
| See the GNU General Public License for more details. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | |
| License along with this program; if not, write to the Free | |
| Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, | |
| MA 02111-1307 USA | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| For more details see the file COPYING in the source | |
| distribution of Linux. | |
| </para> | |
| </legalnotice> | |
| </bookinfo> | |
| <toc></toc> | |
| <chapter id="Basics"> | |
| <title>Driver Basics</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Driver Entry and Exit points</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/init.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Atomic and pointer manipulation</title> | |
| !Iinclude/asm-i386/atomic.h | |
| !Iinclude/asm-i386/unaligned.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Delaying, scheduling, and timer routines</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/sched.h | |
| !Ekernel/sched.c | |
| !Ekernel/timer.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Internal Functions</title> | |
| !Ikernel/exit.c | |
| !Ikernel/signal.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Kernel objects manipulation</title> | |
| <!-- | |
| X!Iinclude/linux/kobject.h | |
| --> | |
| !Elib/kobject.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Kernel utility functions</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/kernel.h | |
| <!-- This needs to clean up to make kernel-doc happy | |
| X!Ekernel/printk.c | |
| --> | |
| !Ekernel/panic.c | |
| !Ekernel/sys.c | |
| !Ekernel/rcupdate.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="adt"> | |
| <title>Data Types</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Doubly Linked Lists</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/list.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="libc"> | |
| <title>Basic C Library Functions</title> | |
| <para> | |
| When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are | |
| from the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally | |
| useful and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions | |
| may vary slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations | |
| are noted in the text. | |
| </para> | |
| <sect1><title>String Conversions</title> | |
| !Ilib/vsprintf.c | |
| !Elib/vsprintf.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>String Manipulation</title> | |
| <!-- All functions are exported at now | |
| X!Ilib/string.c | |
| --> | |
| !Elib/string.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Bit Operations</title> | |
| !Iinclude/asm-i386/bitops.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="mm"> | |
| <title>Memory Management in Linux</title> | |
| <sect1><title>The Slab Cache</title> | |
| !Emm/slab.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>User Space Memory Access</title> | |
| !Iinclude/asm-i386/uaccess.h | |
| !Iarch/i386/lib/usercopy.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>More Memory Management Functions</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/rmap.h | |
| !Emm/readahead.c | |
| !Emm/filemap.c | |
| !Emm/memory.c | |
| !Emm/vmalloc.c | |
| !Emm/mempool.c | |
| !Emm/page-writeback.c | |
| !Emm/truncate.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="ipc"> | |
| <title>Kernel IPC facilities</title> | |
| <sect1><title>IPC utilities</title> | |
| !Iipc/util.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="kfifo"> | |
| <title>FIFO Buffer</title> | |
| <sect1><title>kfifo interface</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/kfifo.h | |
| !Ekernel/kfifo.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="proc"> | |
| <title>The proc filesystem</title> | |
| <sect1><title>sysctl interface</title> | |
| !Ekernel/sysctl.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>proc filesystem interface</title> | |
| !Ifs/proc/base.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="debugfs"> | |
| <title>The debugfs filesystem</title> | |
| <sect1><title>debugfs interface</title> | |
| !Efs/debugfs/inode.c | |
| !Efs/debugfs/file.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="vfs"> | |
| <title>The Linux VFS</title> | |
| <sect1><title>The Filesystem types</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/fs.h | |
| !Einclude/linux/fs.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>The Directory Cache</title> | |
| !Efs/dcache.c | |
| !Iinclude/linux/dcache.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Inode Handling</title> | |
| !Efs/inode.c | |
| !Efs/bad_inode.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Registration and Superblocks</title> | |
| !Efs/super.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>File Locks</title> | |
| !Efs/locks.c | |
| !Ifs/locks.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Other Functions</title> | |
| !Efs/mpage.c | |
| !Efs/namei.c | |
| !Efs/buffer.c | |
| !Efs/bio.c | |
| !Efs/seq_file.c | |
| !Efs/filesystems.c | |
| !Efs/fs-writeback.c | |
| !Efs/block_dev.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="netcore"> | |
| <title>Linux Networking</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Networking Base Types</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/net.h | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Socket Buffer Functions</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/skbuff.h | |
| !Iinclude/net/sock.h | |
| !Enet/socket.c | |
| !Enet/core/skbuff.c | |
| !Enet/core/sock.c | |
| !Enet/core/datagram.c | |
| !Enet/core/stream.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Socket Filter</title> | |
| !Enet/core/filter.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Generic Network Statistics</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/gen_stats.h | |
| !Enet/core/gen_stats.c | |
| !Enet/core/gen_estimator.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>SUN RPC subsystem</title> | |
| <!-- The !D functionality is not perfect, garbage has to be protected by comments | |
| !Dnet/sunrpc/sunrpc_syms.c | |
| --> | |
| !Enet/sunrpc/xdr.c | |
| !Enet/sunrpc/svcsock.c | |
| !Enet/sunrpc/sched.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="netdev"> | |
| <title>Network device support</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Driver Support</title> | |
| !Enet/core/dev.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>8390 Based Network Cards</title> | |
| !Edrivers/net/8390.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Synchronous PPP</title> | |
| !Edrivers/net/wan/syncppp.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="modload"> | |
| <title>Module Support</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Module Loading</title> | |
| !Ekernel/kmod.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Inter Module support</title> | |
| <para> | |
| Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information. | |
| </para> | |
| <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | |
| X!Ekernel/module.c | |
| --> | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="hardware"> | |
| <title>Hardware Interfaces</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Interrupt Handling</title> | |
| !Ikernel/irq/manage.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Resources Management</title> | |
| !Ekernel/resource.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>MTRR Handling</title> | |
| !Earch/i386/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>PCI Support Library</title> | |
| !Edrivers/pci/pci.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/pci-driver.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/remove.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/pci-acpi.c | |
| <!-- kerneldoc does not understand to __devinit | |
| X!Edrivers/pci/search.c | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/pci/msi.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/bus.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/hotplug.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/probe.c | |
| !Edrivers/pci/rom.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>PCI Hotplug Support Library</title> | |
| !Edrivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>MCA Architecture</title> | |
| <sect2><title>MCA Device Functions</title> | |
| <para> | |
| Refer to the file arch/i386/kernel/mca.c for more information. | |
| </para> | |
| <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | |
| X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c | |
| --> | |
| </sect2> | |
| <sect2><title>MCA Bus DMA</title> | |
| !Iinclude/asm-i386/mca_dma.h | |
| </sect2> | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="devfs"> | |
| <title>The Device File System</title> | |
| !Efs/devfs/base.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="sysfs"> | |
| <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title> | |
| !Efs/sysfs/file.c | |
| !Efs/sysfs/dir.c | |
| !Efs/sysfs/symlink.c | |
| !Efs/sysfs/bin.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="security"> | |
| <title>Security Framework</title> | |
| !Esecurity/security.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="pmfuncs"> | |
| <title>Power Management</title> | |
| !Ekernel/power/pm.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="devdrivers"> | |
| <title>Device drivers infrastructure</title> | |
| <sect1><title>Device Drivers Base</title> | |
| <!-- | |
| X!Iinclude/linux/device.h | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/base/driver.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/core.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/firmware_class.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/transport_class.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/dmapool.c | |
| <!-- Cannot be included, because | |
| attribute_container_add_class_device_adapter | |
| and attribute_container_classdev_to_container | |
| exceed allowed 44 characters maximum | |
| X!Edrivers/base/attribute_container.c | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/base/sys.c | |
| <!-- | |
| X!Edrivers/base/interface.c | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/base/platform.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/bus.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Device Drivers Power Management</title> | |
| !Edrivers/base/power/main.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/power/resume.c | |
| !Edrivers/base/power/suspend.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Device Drivers ACPI Support</title> | |
| <!-- Internal functions only | |
| X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/main.c | |
| X!Edrivers/acpi/sleep/wakeup.c | |
| X!Edrivers/acpi/motherboard.c | |
| X!Edrivers/acpi/bus.c | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/acpi/scan.c | |
| <!-- No correct structured comments | |
| X!Edrivers/acpi/pci_bind.c | |
| --> | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Device drivers PnP support</title> | |
| !Edrivers/pnp/core.c | |
| <!-- No correct structured comments | |
| X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c | |
| --> | |
| !Edrivers/pnp/card.c | |
| !Edrivers/pnp/driver.c | |
| !Edrivers/pnp/manager.c | |
| !Edrivers/pnp/support.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="blkdev"> | |
| <title>Block Devices</title> | |
| !Edrivers/block/ll_rw_blk.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="miscdev"> | |
| <title>Miscellaneous Devices</title> | |
| !Edrivers/char/misc.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="viddev"> | |
| <title>Video4Linux</title> | |
| !Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="snddev"> | |
| <title>Sound Devices</title> | |
| !Iinclude/sound/core.h | |
| !Esound/sound_core.c | |
| !Iinclude/sound/pcm.h | |
| !Esound/core/pcm.c | |
| !Esound/core/device.c | |
| !Esound/core/info.c | |
| !Esound/core/rawmidi.c | |
| !Esound/core/sound.c | |
| !Esound/core/memory.c | |
| !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c | |
| !Esound/core/init.c | |
| !Esound/core/isadma.c | |
| !Esound/core/control.c | |
| !Esound/core/pcm_lib.c | |
| !Esound/core/hwdep.c | |
| !Esound/core/pcm_native.c | |
| !Esound/core/memalloc.c | |
| <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | |
| X!Isound/sound_firmware.c | |
| --> | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="uart16x50"> | |
| <title>16x50 UART Driver</title> | |
| !Iinclude/linux/serial_core.h | |
| !Edrivers/serial/serial_core.c | |
| !Edrivers/serial/8250.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="z85230"> | |
| <title>Z85230 Support Library</title> | |
| !Edrivers/net/wan/z85230.c | |
| </chapter> | |
| <chapter id="fbdev"> | |
| <title>Frame Buffer Library</title> | |
| <para> | |
| The frame buffer drivers depend heavily on four data structures. | |
| These structures are declared in include/linux/fb.h. They are | |
| fb_info, fb_var_screeninfo, fb_fix_screeninfo and fb_monospecs. | |
| The last three can be made available to and from userland. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| fb_info defines the current state of a particular video card. | |
| Inside fb_info, there exists a fb_ops structure which is a | |
| collection of needed functions to make fbdev and fbcon work. | |
| fb_info is only visible to the kernel. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| fb_var_screeninfo is used to describe the features of a video card | |
| that are user defined. With fb_var_screeninfo, things such as | |
| depth and the resolution may be defined. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| The next structure is fb_fix_screeninfo. This defines the | |
| properties of a card that are created when a mode is set and can't | |
| be changed otherwise. A good example of this is the start of the | |
| frame buffer memory. This "locks" the address of the frame buffer | |
| memory, so that it cannot be changed or moved. | |
| </para> | |
| <para> | |
| The last structure is fb_monospecs. In the old API, there was | |
| little importance for fb_monospecs. This allowed for forbidden things | |
| such as setting a mode of 800x600 on a fix frequency monitor. With | |
| the new API, fb_monospecs prevents such things, and if used | |
| correctly, can prevent a monitor from being cooked. fb_monospecs | |
| will not be useful until kernels 2.5.x. | |
| </para> | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Memory</title> | |
| !Edrivers/video/fbmem.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <!-- | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Console</title> | |
| X!Edrivers/video/console/fbcon.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| --> | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Colormap</title> | |
| !Edrivers/video/fbcmap.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <!-- FIXME: | |
| drivers/video/fbgen.c has no docs, which stuffs up the sgml. Comment | |
| out until somebody adds docs. KAO | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Generic Functions</title> | |
| X!Idrivers/video/fbgen.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| KAO --> | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Video Mode Database</title> | |
| !Idrivers/video/modedb.c | |
| !Edrivers/video/modedb.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Macintosh Video Mode Database</title> | |
| !Idrivers/video/macmodes.c | |
| </sect1> | |
| <sect1><title>Frame Buffer Fonts</title> | |
| <para> | |
| Refer to the file drivers/video/console/fonts.c for more information. | |
| </para> | |
| <!-- FIXME: Removed for now since no structured comments in source | |
| X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c | |
| --> | |
| </sect1> | |
| </chapter> | |
| </book> |